Should We Have A Citizenship Test?

The citizenship tribulation was introduced by the Australian Government jolly recently. As a western country, Australia is veritablely the most recent create western country to have a citizenship screen out. However, there is a current debate being held on why is the citizenship leaven held for and what is the government very riddleing?According to the SBS newfounds site, the Australian Government has now changed few of the content that is to be tested in the citizenship test and states that would-be new Australian citizens will be quizzed on their understanding of their civic barter and responsibilities of citizenship rather than facing questions more or less Australias sporting heroes as it had previously asked questions about a Australian cricket player, Sir Donald Bradman and other irrelevant learning.However, when questioned to why was the citizenship test was even introduced, a minister who appeared on an SBS program called Insight argued that this test was make to test face proficiency of the new Australians. The test was also made to concur the new-comers a view on what is it mean to be Australian and what Australian values are? ,while stating all this information in a agree that the participants would need to read.In my opinion, I do not think that this is a worthwhile test as a test cant possibly test whether the people sitting for it actually believe and practice these values and will only test their ability to memorize and learn facts and information out of a book. The test also doesnt use complex English but simple and easy-to-understand words. Therefore if the main point of having the test was to test English proficiency, it would be better to hold an English exam and to be able to apply for citizenship, the person applying would need to have been a unceasing resident and would have needed to sit for an English proficiency test then anyway.This test is also a waste of time as the people sitting the test could use the time that wa s spent on taking the test and preparing for it on work and practicing Australian values to help Australias partnership and economy. We have seen both sides of the argument here and to some others who may timbre strongly for or against this issue, we can see that the Australian Government is nerve-wracking its best to please the masses and that it looks like the citizenship test is here to stick out for the long run.

How Far Do You Agree with the Opinion That the Boer Was Acted as a Spur to Much Needed Reform in Britain

How far-off do you contain with the opinion that the Boer warfare acted as a encourage to much(prenominal) needed better in Britain? The Boer war acted as a catalyst to reform in many ways. It had considerable impact politically and socially. Many changes were put in spotlight, from improving the army to public health care. Initially what acted as a spur was the amount of deaths and the cost of the war, 22,000 were killed be ? 200 million therefore this led to a wake up call for the Army.However one whitethorn argue that it was not and the Boer war that induced reforms to be made in Britain individuals such as Richard Burton Haldane who was official war minister could have implework forceted changes without the Boer war being a significant factor. The Committee of Imperial defence was set up in 1903 addressing that critical reform was needed in regards to the way Britain defended itself and strategy of planning.This was introduced to square up lesson from the Boer war fur thermore Lord Salisbury established the Royal Commissions under(a) Lord Elgin, some of the changes that were implemented was the abolition of the post of Commander in Chief, this was highly significant as it allowed another(prenominal) posts to be introduced and the elite crystalise did not buy there way into the Army and posts were given by merit hence allowing more competent individuals to run the Army. Source B shows that inefficiencies of the armed forces and the how important the Esher Report was in reforming it.The origination highlighted that there was much needed reform in the army and much of these reforms that were introduced were due to the Boer war, it casually analysed the confusions and ineffectiveness of armed forces administration considering the provenance I can fascinate that it is from a Book by the historian Corelli Barnett who studied English military history and it was published in 1970 hence implying that Barnett must have equanimous a wide range of so urces over a long completion of time and judged them fairly before coming to a rational conclusion.Source A suggests that Britain has had an imperial lesson and will learn from it and will strengthen the Empire. The genius of the source is an extract from a poem by Rudyard Kipling. The provenance could be challenged as it was create verbally by Kipling who was pro Empire, so it may have an exaggerative constitution however one may argue that the idea of reform as a result of the Boer war was widespread and accepted at the time, that source B which is reliable also accepts the viewpoint.There were huge numbers of men that were deemed unfit for military service this was made apparent when they led an investigation into why it took so long and why it was so expensive just to defeat 50 000 farmers, from this investigation they saw that they had to make changes hence why the Committee on Physical Deterioration was established it was set up in 1903 and found that it was not physical deterioration regarding physical health but there was a growing need to amend living, workings and education conditions.This produced the need for national efficiency. Many different groups wanted to improve Britains social system by making the Empire efficient and putt more children into Education for longer to allow the spread of social mobility. A meritocracy was also introduced thus allowing individuals to embark of a career based on qualifications and not social class. This could only have been put in place because of the Boer war. Source D evidently shows the need for national efficiency, it shows that 26. % of people were spurned out of 3600 recruits in Sheffield, York and Leeds. 3 out of 5 volunteers were rejected this was amazingly high and highlighted the pressing need to change Britain socially. Free school meals were introduced in 1906 and provision of medical inspections of children. The National Insurance Act of 1911 which provided free medical health for the worki ng class. As a results of the many deaths that occurred in the arcminute Boer war, new administrative structures were put in place.From acknowledging the fast reactions, skills and talented nature of the Boers, the British needed to put some hard reforms in place. first off they removed the traditional bright scarlet uniform for the khaki which allowed a better disguise, new weaponry was introduced such as the Lee Enfield exit and quick firing guns were produced which were learned from massacres like the one at spion kop. thusly showing that all these changes were due to the learning of mistakes from the Boer war.Source C is an extract from a memorandum from Haldane on military reform published in 1907 this was written by Haldane who was appointed the war minister thus implying that this source is immaculate as a war minister would not make blown-up claims on reforming the military, therefore the provenance of this source is reliable, this source explains the mobilisation of th e territorial reserve or home force. However some may say that it was not largely due to the result of the Boer war but because of political changes that were needs going to take place.Whenever a new party comes into power is it comprehendible that they would make important decisions on how to run the country, nevertheless one may argue that the Boer war had an impact on decision making. Furthermore judge from the sources most of them all are in agreement with each other Sources B, C and D are written by reliable people, historian and politicians were are Source A is a poem written by an individual who is pro empire however there is substantial indicate to support what is written in this poem. Hence why I agree with the view that the second Boer war resulted in much needed reform in Britain.

Perception Of Risk Variation Factors Health And Social Care Essay

Recent old ages in well-disposed scientific disciplines and academic interrogation arouse gameylighted the apprehension of constructs much(prenominal) as punt perceptual go out and jeopardize itself, in a batch of deepness. merely the true apprehension of how hazard is perceived and how its orders behavior is non a pl own(prenominal) phenomenon to specify. There is immense contention on how, why and what variables constitute it. fortune has been defined in legion ways by societal scientists and explore workers. Before reexamining the different paradigms of hazard perceptual experience it is minute to comprehend the really nature of the construct of hazard itself. There exist quintuple constructs of Risk. Risk is viewed as a jeopardy, as a chance as a effect and photograph down as possible hardship or menace ( Short Jr, 1984 ) .Risk under such(prenominal) claims is typically assessed to be objectively quantified by hazard estimate. On the other manus societal sci entific disciplines reject such impression of non inherent word picture. Their attack inclines to cut down on effects that such hazardous results stand on large number who undergo them. This tradition see s hazard as subjective in nature ( Krimsky & A Golding, 1992 Slovic, 1992 Weber, 2001b Wynne, 1992 ) . , hence it defines hazard as something that human being existences have invented to assist them fancy and get by with the dangers and un reliablenesss of life.Admiting that hazard give the axe intend different things to different persons ( Brun, 1994 ) , consequently pack all overly tend to differ in their earnestness of effects of hazards and how they calculate the chance of such hazards to take topographic signify.This apprehension leads us to the term risk perceptual experience , which has been defined as appraisal of the chance of a contract type of accident go oning and how concerned we be with the effects ( Sjoberg L. et Al, 2004, p. 8 ) . Individual valu es, beliefs and attitude every(prenominal) smudge honest as societal and heathen values or temperaments including symbols, policy-making orientations and history constitute of work outs which cultivate hazard perceptual experience ( Weinstein, 1980 ) .The aim of this paper is to understand the dampen of such societal, cultural and psychological instruments which form perceptual experiences of hazard. This essay aims at discour prate hazard in context to a specified hazard which is vaccine hazard particular to polio. This peculiar pick has been made with consideration given(p) to the fact that disease such as childish palsy is no more a job in the western states and the underdeveloped states leave behind a good illustration of civilization and societal influence for the smell outd hazards. This has been backed by the lifting involvements by universe wellness organisation to whole eliminate this from the face of Earth. Throughout this survey research grounds has been s tructured to organize a logical statement. In decision the deduction for insurance policy shapers and other pastime holders ar discussed in line with the acknowledgment of the changing perceptual experience of his hazards.Polio has been known to distri preciselye via the unwritten faecal path. The West had popularly seen summer eruptions of infantile palsy. These resulted in widespread paralyzed infantile paralysis. There are devil staple fiber types of infantile paralysis vaccine, both of which were developed in the 1950 s.The foremost was developed by Jonas Salk, which was a formalin-killed readying of normal wild type infantile paralysis computer virus. This virus is known to turn in monkey kidney cells and the vaccinum is given by crack. The vaccinum aims at arousing good humoral ( IgG ) unsusceptibility and prevent transit of the virus to the nerve cells where it would otherwise do paralytic infantile paralysis. The 2nd known vaccinum was developed by Albert Sabin, w hich is a lively attenuated vaccinum, produced through empirical observation by consecutive vicissitude of the virus in cell civilization. It is given orally and is known as the preferable vaccinum in the developed universe such as United States, United Kingdom and others by and large because of it easiness of disposal. ( Jeffrey Kluger, 2005 ) vaccinums have been employ to control morbidity and mortality from childhood infective diseases in our familiarity ( Senier, L. , 2005 ) .It is non incorrect to state that vaccinums constitute one of the biggest success narratives within interference medical specialty nevertheless at that agency has been a tour concern sing the necessity of its uninterrupted usage ( Senier, L. , 2005 ) ( Bostrom A. , 1997 ) .Physicians and research workers property such concerns in instance of infantile paralysis vaccinum mostly to the diminution in mark diseases but besides attribute it towards the move concern for safety among the multitudes ( Seni er, L. , 2005 ) .Such uncertainnesss sing vaccinum hazards along with the still preponderance of such diseases in society create a demand for taste how perceptual experiences sing infantile paralysis vaccinum hazard are developed among people. The undermentioned subdivision purposes at supplying an oerview of different prospective in order to understand how perceptual experiences are developed and influenced.perceived badness of a disease drama an of import portion in doctrine of vaccinums developed to extinguish them ( Bostrom A. , 1997 ) . A comparative survey of two diseases outburst conducted in Canada illustrates that during an eruption of a fatal, meningitis the populace reverted to mass immunisation comparable to a rubeolas outburst, where a by and large less credence of immunisation prevailed based on the populace s position of rubeolas as being less unsafe.While in world Measle kill a bigger graduated table of kids across the Earth ( Boholm, A. , 1998 ) . Fear is a brin g in illustration of what we think active a hazard in footings of our a priori feelings, a procedure which is called the heuristic consequence and it has a great influence on our perceptual experience of risks.Amoung the current infantile paralysis bing states such frights are of a bigger magnitude given their societal and cultural backgrounds. There exists a large spread of societal consciousness every bit good as instruction in these states. Poverty, deficiency of basic lodging installations, clean H2O and air, and other ailments have helped to organize the attitudes and perceptual experience about polio vaccinum hazards ( Sjoberg L. et Al, 2004 ) ..Another component which influences the perceptual experience of hazard associated with infantile paralysis vaccinumsis the degree of control over kids s going infected of vaccinum preventable disease.Works of ( Meszaros et al, 1996 ) shows that none inoculators understand that their kid was less likely effected by the inauspicious af fects of the vaccination. This sense of control over the inauspicious effects of acquiring vaccinated strongly determines attitude towards inoculation. Another critical thing which must(prenominal) be far-famed here is the sensed cost benefit analysis done by parents.If at that place exists a sensed benefit in a specific pick, the hazard associated with that pick will look smaller than when no such benefit is perceived ) . wherefore perceptual experiences on Polio Vaccine hazard will be constructed depending on how much control an whizz likes to exert within his life and what cost and benefits does he associates with the infantile paralysis vaccinum. Some groups of people have viewed inoculation of a kid as a physical invasion into a healthy bodyA , this has been supported with doctors penchants to unsex no injury ( specially in instances where more than one injection is required. Such believes and attitudes have paved agencies to constructs such as Free-loading ( which i s considering on herd unsusceptibility and taking non to immunize ) . This is proved by the research at the Pennsylvania University which has shown that a batch of none inoculators use the exculpate equitation logic ( Hershey et Al, 1994 ) .On the other utmost side there are besides people who make determinations sing vaccinums based on what every one else seems to be doing.This is regarded at bandwagoning and relates to human demand for conformance and even security which fulfills the human demand for love, belonging and even safety as defined by Maslow ( Maslow, A. , 1943 ) . The above factors fall into the class of Cultural occasion . Which recognizes a scope of influences including psychological, spiritual, religious, emotional and even intuitive footing as defined by ( Brun, 1994 ) ( Fischhoff B. et Al, 1993 ) ( Sjoberg L. et Al, 2004 ) .Poliomyelitis as it prevails within the underdeveloped states is besides widely influenced by the success narratives of the West. Fear f actors linked with deficiency of inoculation are reduced by narratives which explain how infantile paralysis has been eradicated from certain states and how it has become a decreasing concern ( Jeffrey Kluger, 2005 ) . Fear encourages people to take positive precautional steps this has been clearly illustrated by the plants of ( Leventhal, 1980 ) who found that high fright showed greater purpose to halt smoke. Hence the perceptual experience of vaccinum hazard will change for people based on their ain frights and their ain apprehension of dangers associated to the disease.Surveies on hazard perceptual experiences have taken a deep expression at understanding the accountability of heuristics and prejudices.According to Slovic P. perceptual experience of hazard cognitive cutoffs form the basic for soft estimations of hazard ( Slovic P, 1987 ) . These are called heuristics, illustrations of such prejudices include compaction of hazard, over appraisal of rare causes of decease an d underestimating common 1s ( Fischhoff B. et Al, 1993 ) . Biass are non restricted to the public tout ensemble alternatively a large beginning of such prejudices stem which in this instance would be doctors every bit good as societal workers. Adept sentiment is besides an of import factor in defining perceptual experience sing polio vaccinum hazards. Experts within their ain field hold certain information purchase and cognition, which is non alienated from their ain prejudices. Experts sentiments are frequently manipulated to organize a perceptual experience of a hazard which is in line with authorities and other stakeholders ( Fischhoff B, Merz JF. , 1994 ) , ( Fischhoff B. et Al, 1993 ) , ( Freudenberg and Pastor, 1992 ) . A predominant nature of infantile paralysis s being in ontogeny states can be understood better in footings of the unstable political governments in these states and the efforts of various powers to derive public support through over rated wellness program mes such as battle against infantile paralysis. Another factor which is interrelated to this construct is besides the conceive factor which defines public perceptual experiences of hazard. The bigger the assurance people have in professional creditworthy for their protection or in the authorities or establishments responsible for their word-painting of hazard the less fearful they would be. The less they would swear them, the higher will be the sensed hazard associated to them. While speaking about trust, it must be noted that grade of trust receiver topographic point in the communicating of information about vaccinum hazards and benefits is every bit important in organizing perceptual experiences about given hazards. Public stimulation and well-being may be viewed as the aim of cardinal interest holders in preventative medical specialty nevertheless their actions are non ever aimed at accomplishing this hence a deficiency of credibleness and trust has been created ( timothy C & A George T, 1995 ) . From the above treatment it can be deduced that a robust apprehension is needed to measure how cultural factors like trust and even duty reconstruct the cost benefit analysis ( herds grass C & A George T, 1995 ) .This demand for trust among persons corresponds with the emotional responses which serve a footing for determination devising as explained by Berkowitz ( 1969 ) .Another factor which develops the assorted perceptual experience people hold sing infantile paralysis hazard vaccinums is constructed by single political orientations sing social good versus the single rights. This relates to citizen s rights to picks such as choice of preventative steps for wellness attention compared to authorities s power/ familiarity to do determinations for the multitudes. Majority of the epidemiologist suggests that such determinations should non be left to single picks but should be authorities duty. Thus it can be concluded that authorization inoculation influences how vaccine hazards and benefits are received by the populace. This can be understood in the visible radiation of theory of cognitive disparity which demonstrates that voluntary picks brings more openness and credence to negative results ( Berkowitz, 1969 ) .Certain people may even hold spiritual grounds to avoid inoculation, illustration of such can be the more Orthodox beliefs where step ining with nature is considered not spiritual. In US faith is one of the three evidences on which people are exempted from inoculation. This is done given the apprehension of the diversified US society. Hence it must be acknowledged that perceptual experiences of infantile paralysis vaccinum hazard are related to the societal, cultural and even spiritual prospect of person s life.To reason it can be seen that perceptual experiences sing infantile paralysis vaccinum hazard are constructed by assorted cultural and psychometric factors. Peoples from their positions and attitudes sing infantile para lysis vaccinum hazard based on factors such as badness of the disease, the trust they place in the authorities and other interest holders, their ain apprehension of cost and benefits associated with the vaccinum. Percepts are strongly driven and influenced by person s ain fright, his abilibity to swear and his desire to command things. Peoples are risk averse and try to avoid ambiguity ( Slovic and Fischcoff, 1984 ) .They are invariably measuring and doing opinions which are influenced by the society in big and their milieus. They are frequently encouraged to note the bulk and sometimes to bask the free riders consequence. All these factors have deductions for parents and policymakers about how hazards should be managed and what hazards are acceptable in the visible radiation of how perceptual experiences vary and how they are constructed. It is critical for policy shapers and others to understand that contentions over vaccinum hazard perceptual experience have immense deductions f or professionals and media in their functions as sources and besides on the being of this disease. When pass oning hazard to the receivers, it is highly critical that the changing natures of formation of hazard perceptual experience are unplowed into head along with public instruction and participative determination devising. Government in these states where infantile paralysis is still dominant need to cultivate feelings of trust in people for the system and integrate societal consciousness programmes, which have an emotional entreaty and are targeted towards the rural countries utilizing media every bit good as local physicians and clinics.

Historical Problems

Woodrow Wilson has been described as c old, aloof and often arrogant, but he was not all intellect. By the time Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey he had never held a political office, and had never taken more than than a theorisers interest in politics. Wilsons personal view on how the Presidential office should be run is to lead a hoidenish rather than to be lead. He believed that a president should act bid a prime minister and not be isolated from Congress.Wilson him egotism woolgather of a Utopian society and amongst his intellectual supporters believed that this most terrible and bleak wars could be countenanced only by perceiving of it as the harbinger of eternal peace. The utopian spirit of the war took concrete form in Wilsons proposition of a postwar federation of nations, in itself not a utopian scheme but one which, from the first, was freighted with utopian aspirations. Though Wilson may gestate been an effective war president by delegating responsibiliti es to those qualified his aspirations for a perfect world and his sentiments of peace without victory obscured his humans.President Wilson presented his ideas for peace in his storied Fourteen Points address on January 8, 1918. Wilsons chief goal was to shake off the treaty provide for the formation of a League of Nations. He hoped that the affright of economic or multitude punishment from League members, including Ger umpteen, would prevent afterlife wars. Though Wilson held a prominent role in drafting the accordance of Versailles, and would later receive the Nobel Peace Prize for, the other major Allies, however, had smallish interest in honoring either Wilsons Fourteen Points or all his goals for the League of Nations.The allies had suffered far greater losses and treasured to punish Ger some severely. Strong opposition to the treaty developed in the get together States. Many Americans disagreed with Wilsons generous approach to worn-torn Europe. Republicans objected t o U. S. commitments to the League of Nations. The U. S. Senate refused to approve the treaty. withal blocking the passage of the League of Nations was the personal and political conflicts between Wilson and heat content Cabot Lodge. Lodge, who was then the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, insisted the specific and limiting changes be ade to protect U. S. interests. Wilson would not compromise. Unable and perhaps unwilling to gift an agreement with Wilson, Lodge used his power and position to ensure the beat of the treatyand prevent American participation in the League of Nations. As to whether or not the postwar would dumbfound been different if the United States had legitimate and entered the League of Nations, it is unlikely. Americas refusal to join the League, fitted in with her desire to have an isolationist policy throughout the world.Therefore, the League had a final paragon to end war for good. However, if an aggressor nation was determined enough to give the sack the Leagues verbal warnings, all the League could do was give economic sanctions and hope these worked as it had no chance of enforcing its decisions using military might. Postwar 1920 brought many radical changes to Americans by the emanation in technology, discoveries, and inventions. start up culture during the 1920s was characterized by the flapper, automobiles, nightclubs, movies, and jazz. invigoration moved fast as a new sense of successfulness and freedom emerged at the end of cosmea War 1. The 1920s gave Americans radio, films, advertisements, and new literature to ponder. 1915 gave us a movie milestone in The Birth of a Nation, produced by D. W. Griffith. Americans were also given notable authors as F. Scott Fitzgerald, carrel Tarkington, Ernest Hemingway, and Sinclair Lewis. Authors of this period struggled to understand the changes occurring in society. While some writers praised the changes others ex kettle of fished shame in the passing of old w ays.But not before the printing press had Americans been brought together by shrinking the distances between citizenry and homes. Of all the new products put on the market during the decade, none met with more spectacular success than the radio. The radio brought into American homes commercials, stories, news, music, sports, and advertisement. Improvements in radio send and radio manufacturing itself quickly became a big business. Along with the increasing approachability of free-home entertainment it created a soaring demand for radios.The 1920s were wrought with many issues of cultural conflict, prejudices, nativism, and good policing. Widespread abuse of alcoholic beverage had been recognized as a serious social problem since the colonial days, in inelegant America as well as in cities, and demon special(a) had been long condemned from many Protestant pulpits during the 1920s. Prohibition was the governments solvent to protect women, children, and families from the effect s of abuse of alcohol, in other words, moral policing.Another font of moral policing today can be found in the disputable topic of legalizing marijuana. Conversely, their omission in the present debate reflects the unfortunate reality that marijuana prohibition is perpetuated not by science, but rather by emotion and rhetoric. The topic of nativism can be shown in three patriarchal issues immigration restriction, the KKK, and the cases of Sacco and Vanzetti. The old culture was generally anti-immigrant and tended to blame many of the problems of urban industrial American on immigrants.During the 1920s the old culture, which was extremely nativist in attitude, was able to pass several immigration restriction laws which both(prenominal) lowered the number of immigrants to the U. S. and limited the numbers immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, which the old culture was particularly against. They did this through the quota system, set up in the touch Immigration Act of 1921 (and the revised with the 1924 National Origins Act) which established a legitimate number of immigrants from each country to be allowed into the U.S. per yr. Each countrys quota was based on a percentage (3%) of people of that nation in the U. S. in the base year of (1910). The rebirth of the KKK was another sign of the nativism of the 1920s as this new KKK was not only black, but also anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant. So have Americans learned their lesson from the 1920s and have they changed their attitudes concerning nativism, moral policing, and are we so far considered a prejudice country?In the year 2011, do Americans still consider them as macrocosm progressive and that they refuse to repeat history? Nativisim and prejudices can still be felt and seen throughout the United States. Our country is still debating nativism in the authorized situation with illegal immigrants. Newspapers, television shows, the radio, and internet are covered in stories of immigr ation policies. Our country is still swarmed with prejudices between races, religions, and lifestyles. It is our history to repeat and go forth our past mistakes.As stated before, the 1920s brought many radical changes to America with the advancement in technology, discoveries, and inventions. Pop culture in the 1920s was characterized by the flapper, automobiles, nightclubs, movies, and music. Life moved fast as a new sense of prosperity and freedom emerged at the end of World War I. In many ways our current era is like that of the 1920s. Our society is now attached to each other via the internet, and Facebook. On the spot news is even fracture now with television and radio and better yet the cell phone.Society is overflow with the most current, up-to-date news, even if no one cares what reading or hearing about. We are still a drug crazed and alcohol abusing society with fast cars, outrageous clothes and hairstyles. It just may be that we are going at a faster pace than those in the 1920s. What can be seen differently is that maybe our morals have debased in some aspects of society. Not that all society can be defined as a whole, as there are still those in our current society and those of the 1920s that still and did value self respect, morals, God, and country.Works Cited1920-1930. 1920s Literature. 2005. http//www.1920-1930.com/literature. (accessed display 6, 2011. Content, new. Woodrow Wilson. http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/wilson/peopleevents/p_lodge.html. (accessed March 6, 2011). Durant, John Durant Alice. Pictorial write up of American Presidents An informal record of the Presidents and their times from George majuscule to Lyndon B. Johnson. New York A.S. Barnes and Company Inc. 1965 77-78 Learning History. League of Nations. 2011. http//www.historylearningsite.co.uk/leagueofnations.htm (accessed March 6, 2011). Leuchgenburg, William E. The Perils of Prosperity 1914-1932. shekels The University of Chicago Press. 1993 349 NORML. Government & Pr ivate Commissions Supporting Marijuana Law Reform. 2010. http//www.norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=3382 (accessed March 6, 2011). Raford. Nativism (as part of the 1920s culture conflict. 1997. http//www.radford.edu/-shepburn/nativism.htm (accessed March 6, 2011). Time Life Editors. The spiel Era, Prohibition.Alexandria. Time Life Inc., 1998 Time Life Editors. Events That Shaped Our Century, Our American Century. Alexandria, 1998

A Study on Consumer Perception on Nokia

A study on consumer experience on nokia phone in Kanyakumari district Introduction- Nokia phone is the biggest blemish company industry globally. it is most chepaest which gave more Features. Nokia declare oneself the cheapest rates fit in to other competitors and well k right awayn for the lowest price all every jell the price. People are ready to pay extra but exigency the trusty back from the usage of the quick and want that and expact for the long metre time usage from the quick.The biggest benefit of the nokia mobile phones are that they are good in resold price ,a less loss can be evaluate as to others mobile phones. the nokia was awarded and continously on the first price for the best mobile from the last 5 years. The first camera on the mobile was invented by the nokia mobiles phones ever in the merchandise and it blust all the market and taken the place ,which put the others in a big trouble for not seling on that point mobiles phones.The nokia was the changing its features day by the as the first camera and the tourch get out music nd radio in it . Most of the time now mobiles phones are using as for the business purposes. The camera was best in the battery timings and still known well for the battery timings its battery whole kit and caboodle more then the one day and the lower class everlastingly appriciate the nokia for the best battery providing in the mobiles phones with the lowest price. Acheivements of nokia-The achevements of nokia is that they are trying to provide the best mobiles prices and well satisfaction to there economic consumptionr . the nokia always foc ingestions on the goals how to improve to get the attention of there there user who appriciate the nokia and day by day there for they bringign the changes in the mobiles phones due to the greediness of the dexterous phones the nokia has lost its importance in the market becouse it does not follow the homogeneous conidion as the other. Nokia market-The nokia is no w getting the weak in the market but still only the low class people use this mobile phone as they can afford and its similarly voiceless in even physically as well . the first mobile was 3310 which made the huge market of the this set and then after wish well 1112,1110 and so on. The blast in market was also when the nokia pull in the n71 ,n91 n8 and umpteen others like this becouse the memory card and built in memory was introduce by the nokia mobile phones The nokia starting inventions-The nokia mobiles phones were the biggest phones becouse there there size was too large and the customers feel ord to use this phones as of the size is the big but later when it convert and change it into the small and like the mobiles they 3310 then people appricaite it. Now the mobile charger are also available in the market in as they are called as usb charger it is aristocratical to use even the car while travelling you can use it for the cahrging and now more comfortable is that thses c hargers are also availble in the kind of bluetooth.

Fossil Story Essay

north Illinois has a great deal of geological history hidden downstairs the surface. If you just take a trip to the Larson Quarry or even out Pit 11 you suffer find some interesting controversy governances as well as fossils in them. But, if you basisnot get to these field of operationss, this paper can tell you what you can find in 5 different locations in Northeastern Illinois. We will be looking at Larson Quarry, Thornton Quarry, Mazon River, Pit 11, and the diametrical Drift which is at Palos Hills and throughout the surface of the scratch res publica).The first impede is the Larson Quarry. This is located near DeKalb, Illinois. The specific coordinates are 42? N, 88? 35 W at 920 feet. This berth consumes specimens from 450 one thousand million years ago which implicate trilobites like Flexicalymene, brachiopods like platystropia, rafnesquina, leptaena, the horn coral streptelasma, an unknown bivalve, bryozoans, various crinoid stem parts, the cephalopod endocera s, and the gastropods cyclonema and malcurites.The shiver pillow slips and formations that were free-base around these fossils were Cincinnatian Maquoketa Shale and Galena bitter spar. The Maquoketa shale, which contains seams of argillaceous bitter sparand ranges from highly to slightly weathered, with the highly weathered portions having the consistency of a arch clay and are extremely fissile (Preber). These fossils were preserved by reserve as well as m octogenarian and cast. The Mazon River, which is near Morris, Illinois is located at 41? 20N, 88? 30W at 525 feet.This site had fossils from 290 million years ago and included seed ferns like alethopteris and neuropteris, aline fern Pecopteris, horsetail rush parts calamites (trunk), and annularia ( interchange whorl), lycopod tree (club moss) parts and bark lepidodendron, and leaf lepidophylites. The rock types were shale and sandstone as well as coal and the formation was Francis Creek. The Illinois separate Museum write s in an article about how Francis Creek formation is formed overmuch of the area that we now call Illinois was a mixture of swampy lowlands and modify marine bays. From the northeast flowed at least one major river system.The river(s) build large deltas through the low swamps and into the shallow bays. The manure that the river(s) carried was deposited in these deltas and bays. This mud turned into a rock called the Francis Creek Shale. The preservation type was impressions in concretions. Next is Pit 11 which is the Mazonia/Briadwaood State Fish and Wildlife area at 41? 15N, 88? 15W at 590 feet. These specimens were found from 290 million years ago. The fossils include the same basic plants as the Mazon River.They overly include jellyfish like the essexella, the shrimp belotelson, clams like edmontia and aviculopectin, an nameless marine annelid worm, a possible fish fossil coprolite, the ill-famed Tully Monster tullymonstrum, and the echinoderm sea cucumber holothurian. The rock types that held these fossils were shale and sandstone, as well as coal. These were in a Francis Creek formation. These fossils were preserved by impressions in concretions. It becomes sooner apparent that there are certain biases in how and what fossils are preserved. rough species, notably Pecopteris unita, are found with fertile structures nearly half of the conviction while others like the more common true fern, Pecopteris acadica, are rarely seen with fertile structures being preserved at all (Mazon Creek). This tells us how these fossils were formed. Thornton Quarry, at coordinates 41? 35 N, 87? 35 W at 590 to 250 feet, is located on the south side of Chicago. This Quarry was formed 420 million years ago and includes fossils such as the trilobite calymene, brachiopod pentamerus, corals like favosite and halysites, an unnamed crinoid stem and the cephalopod moorecoceras.The rock types that were here were limestone-dolomite in Niagaran Racine Dolomite with fossils in mol d and cast. The most famous reef unearthed in the Chicago area is the coral reefDebris from the growing reef began to be deposited and cemented. The reefs contained sea lilies, animals resembling horseshoe crabs, and ancient ancestors of squids and octopuses up to ten feet long. The ashy, gray-white limestone mined from the Thornton let down contains the fossils of these animals (Herweck). The reason that there are multiple types of coral is because this area was at the bottom of the Silurian Sea and molded well into the limestone.Lastly, we visit Palos Hills which includes the Glacial Drift. This area was from 15,000 years ago and showed deposits of unconsolidated pebbles, sand, silt ad clay which contain mixed rocks of 400 million to 1 billion years old at 41? 41N, 87? 50 W at 772 feet. The fossils found here are mammoth or mastodon ashes that are preserved as unaltered hard parts. There are also mixed marine fossils including crinoid stems, brachiopods, corals like hexagonaria (Petosky Stone) and trilobite parts, where were preserved as mold and cast r replacement.The glacial till include striated rocks calm of a mixture of many types including sedimentary (limestone/dolomite), igneous (granite, basalt) and metamorphic (gneiss). The formation was Valparaiso Moraine. At this time, glacial glassful covered the entire Chicago land. the active ice sheet retreated into the Lake Michigan basin, although stagnant, melting ice remained behind. The ice then rapidly re-advanced to theValparaiso moraine in the western Chicago constituent (Grimm).The glaciers that were in Chicago made a big impact on picking up rocks and sand and dirt from other regions and bringing it into the area, which is a reason why you may find interesting things in the area and that rocks age from 400 million to 1 billion years ago. The areas that we can find an assortment of fossils and rock formations are abundant in Illinois and need a wide variety of ages. From this summary, you can s ee what type of rock are around Northeastern Illinois and what type of animals, plants, and rocks were around from different periods and what type of environment they must have lived in.

Consumerisuim

Consumerism describes the effects of connecting personal happiness with purchasing satisfying properties and consumption. Today race procure more than stuff to feel keen and pleased with themselves. Teenagers and kids go out endureing bags from well-known brands which are more than a thousand dollars for a bag and their only ten days old. Consumerist society views people as numbers rather than people, it encourages direct satisfaction, it leads to debt, and it lowers plain costs.These are some negative effects of consumerism. In the consumers society, they light upon former(a) people as numbers. All they think about is how to onlyow them flatten their money. This is a negative thing because some poor people would the like to be in this society but due to their aim they cant make water it. They would love to have a lot of money to buy any(prenominal) they want but they cant offer the money. In this society all their families should wear stuff that shows the price of It so people can see their blotto and they are In the right place.Consumerist Society people, it encourages direct satisfaction, It leads to debt, and It lowers obvious costs. Is how to let them spend their money. This Is a negative thing because some poor people would Like to be In this society but due to their level they cant reach It. They would love to have a lot of money to buy whatever they want but they cant offer the money. In this society all their females should wear stuff that shows the price of It so people can see their wealthy and they are In the right place.

Aims of education Essay

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. fling of information constitute nonhing to do with it. A barely well-informed man is the most(prenominal)(prenominal) useless bore on Gods earth. What we should aim at producing is men who possess both culture and beneficial knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge allow give them the ground to start from, and their culture go out lead them as deep as philosophy and as high as art. We have to remember that the valuable intellectual development is self- development, and that it mostly takes place among the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve. A saying due to Archbishop Temple illustrates my meaning. strike was expressed at the success in after-life of a man, who as a boy at Rugby had been somewhat undistinguished. He answered, It is not what they atomic number 18 at eighteen, it is what they become a fterwards that matters. In training a shaver to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call achromatic ideas-that is to say, ideas that are merely received into the mind without organism utilised, or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most striking phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a ferment of genius, in a succeeding generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is, that they are overladen with immaterial ideas. Education with inert ideas is not only useless it is, above all things, harmful Corruptio optimi, pessima.Except at rare intervals of intellectual ferment, education in the past has been radically infect with inert ideas. That is the reason why uneducated clever women, who have seen a great deal of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible burden of inert ideas. Every int ellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity into grandness has been a passionate protest against inert ideas. Then, alas, with pathetic ignorance of human psychology, it has proceeded by some educational scheme to bind humanity afresh with inert ideas of its own fashioning. Let us now ask how in our scheme of education we are to guard against this mental dryrot. We enunciate two educational commandments, Do not teach too many subjects, and again, What you teach, teach thoroughly. The provide of teaching small parts of a large number of subjects is the static reception of disconnected ideas, not illumined with any spark of vitality.Let the briny ideas which are introduced into a childs education be a couple of(prenominal) and important, and let them be thrown into every combination possible. The child should occupy them his own, and should understand their application here and now in the circumstances of his actual life. From the very beginning of his education, the c hild should experience the joy of discovery. The discovery which he has to make, is that general ideas give an taste of that stream of events which pours through his life, which is his life. By understanding I mean more than a mere logical analysis, though that is included. I mean understanding in the sense in which it is apply in the French

Music

List the three contrasting types of families that ar emerging in the cutting-sp track d restraing(prenominal) millennium. tell The types of families emerging in the new millennium consist of slump marriages, single mothers and fathers, blended families, similar-sex p bents, and grandp argonnts fulfilling the role of p arnts to their grandchildren. 2. What ar the four counselings to treasure a cohabitation partner in the termination on partner dies? solving The four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the flatt one partner dies be to deck out a will, own prop Jointly, create a queen of lawyer, and earn a deiced living will. . What ar 2 of the reasons sociologists use up softenn for the modernize in the part deem? help Two of the reasons sociologists slang precondition for the parent in the divorce rate are that some are Just dissatisfied with the marriage, or wedding abuse. 4. What are some of the benefits marital spans enjoy that cohabitation geminates dont? settlement some of the benefits unite couples enjoy that cohabitation couples dont are that they are leg all toldy recognized existence marry by the brass. 5. How m some(prenominal) verbalises deliver same sex marriages? coiffure As of 2014, there are 17 tastes with legal same-sex marriage.Critical Thinking Questions 1. A big de lape is raging in both the religious and semipolitical arenas regarding same sex marriages. Do you call that If batch choose to be attached together, they are entitle to be recognized as a married couple? wherefore or wherefore non? Answer Yes. If popu new-made choose to be committed together, they should be authorize to be recognized as a married couple regardless If Its a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Homosexual couples are no different than heterosexual couples and, therefore, would hand the right to marry and be de jure con positionred a married couple. . why do you hypothesise pr unconstipatedting espo usal abuse and domestic abuse should be a concern of the government? Do you look at It should? Answer home(prenominal) and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because It Is their right to tin protection from such occasions. 3. Do you think cohabitation couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those who involve a marriage permission? Answer Yes, cohabitation couples should be entitled the same legal benefits as those who deplete a marriage license. . Leona Helmsmen go away her millions to her 9 year doddery dog.She was legally sane at the meter-and ran her businesses and corporations until the day she died. Do you think she had the legal right to do what she wanted with her money, or was the mark In the face at heart his rights to swap Loans will? Answer No, I do not think she had the legal right to pop off all her money to her dog. The Judge was wealth his rights to change Loans will. 5. Explain the brilliance of a will, a power of a ttorney document, and a guardianship apprehension In the sideslip of a cohabitation couple who re killed In an railcar accident.Answer It Is Important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship correspondence In the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed In an railcar accident In assure to detect the state from stepping In. Music By denationalizations marriages. Do you think that if mess choose to be committed together, they are a married couple regardless if its a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Government? Do you think it should? Answer Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because it is their responsibility to provide protection n the case within his rights to change Loans will?Answer No, I do not think she had the legal right to offer all her money to her dog. The Judge was within his rights to change Loans will. 5. Explain the immenseness off will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship acco rdance in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an railroad car accident. Answer It is important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident in order to keep the state from stepping in.MusicDo you have a favored air? Do you remember what you were doing when you cash in ones chips listened to the song? The common k straightawayn function of medicament is that it empennagenister change nations mood, an optimistic song gets people going, a sad song molds people call in , stock-still medicinal drug jackpot do a great deal more than(prenominal) than that to our brains and bodies. Actually, listening to euphony hindquarters stimulate your brain, which make people withdraw memories from long time ago and even change peoples consistency temperature. Also, medicinal drug can enhance peoples athletic performance. Brain- MemoryMost often, when people listen to songs he/she is well-k in a flashn(prenominal) with, it stimulates the hippocampus, the brain part that stores the long-term entrepot. This can easily pardon why people can remember what they are doing when listening to his/her favorite music. For example, my pal always forgets to bring his goggles to his swimming practice. The next time forward he goes for practice, he can play the same music he was listening to when he was packing. Some emotions and qualityings are deeply plant in peoples memory when they are listening to a particular song.Musical learn has even better effect than Just listening to music. There is throw usher that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training at all. Physically frame temperature listen to music can in any case affects ones proboscis temperature. Simply presuppose a creaking screen door, or fingernails scratching on a chalk batting order, and how those noises give yo u Goosebumps or makes you shiver. All varietys of sounds and music can influence our torso temperature by affecting blood circulation, pulse rate, breaths, nd even sweating.When I was small, I utilise to listen to lullaby, they help me to communicate asleep. In order to fall asleep, the body must lowers its temperature, so slow and soft music can lowers the body temperature while Loud music corresponding tilt and roll, with squiffy beats and rhythm can make our body temperature rise a few degrees Physically- Enhance athletic performance A parcel protrude of people wonder why athletes always wear their pods and headphones before their games stimulate. umteen studies from showed that music have a simulative effect on the brain and body of athletes.This can easily explain why music doesnt only make working(a) out more pleasant, it also enhances our athletic performance. When listening to music, people are fitted to hold heavy weights for longer than when theyre standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in shorter time and are even able to reduce their oxygen uptake. So how can this be hazard? It is all about distraction, when listening to music, people are more probably to torget now much your legs hurt or how much longer youve got to run before you cross the finish line.Also, the synchronicity involved is very important. When your attempt is matched with the crocked musical pulse, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when youre going by your own rhythm. For others, the role of music is to block out any controvert thoughts so that athletes can focus only on the race or match. Why are you interested in the topic? Whats your favorite music? What kind of music do you usually listen to? When you want to feel serene? Always have a story Makes me focus more when perusal and motivated to do thingsMusicMusic itself is an amazing boldness of the feelings of the one playing or can hel p others get done hard times with the musical miscellany that creates a song. Its a unfeigned talent when beats become chantlike patterns and a voice levels them out into beautiful tunes. The definition of music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) have in such a way as to produce debaucher of form, harmony, and expression of emotion.We have many different genres of music in the American history and they have been sung all over the fifty states. I am going to mention just a few of them and handle the history, origin, and make up of a few concert halls and opera houses. capital of Massachusetts philharmonic Concert HallThe Boston Symphony Orchestra gave its first show on October 22, 1881, under the contrast of Georg Henschel, who remained the manager until 1884.For almost twenty years, BSO indicates were held in the old Boston Music Hall Symphony Hall, one of the worlds most hero-worship show lobbies, opened on October 15, 1900. Henschel was prevailing by the German-c onceived and prepared theatre directors Wilhelm Gericke, Arthur Nikisch, Emil Paur, and sludge Fiedler, coming full circle in the arrangement of the amazing Karl Muck, who served twain residencies, 1906-08 and 1912-18.In 1915 the symphony made its first cross-country trip, playing bakers dozen shows at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California. Henri Rabaud, connected with as conductor in 1918, was succeeded a year later by Pierre Monteux. These arrangements denoted the start of a French custom kept up, amid the Russian-conceived Serge Koussevitzkys residency (1924-49), with the work of legion(predicate) French-prepared artists.Today the Boston Symphony Orchestra keeps on satisfying and develop the batch of its organizer Henry Lee Higginson, not just through its show exhibitions, instructive contributions, and web nearness, yet additionally through its extending utilization of virtual(prenominal) and electronic media in a way mirroring the BSOs proceeding with consciousness of the present tense current, consistently evolving, 21st-century world.Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in bare-assed York City, United States, located at 881 S eventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park.In the spring of 1887, on board a ship flying out from New York to London, love birds Andrew Carnegie (the rich industrialist) and Louise Whitfield ( diminutive little girl of a well-to-do New York vendor) were headed to the preps local Scotland for their special night. Likewise, on board was the 25-year-old Walter Damrosch, who had quite recently completed his second season as director and melodic chief of the Symphony federation of New York and the Oratorio Society of New York, and was making a trip to Europe for a late spring of concentrate with Hans von Blow.Through the span of the voyage, the couple construct up a fe llowship with Damrosch, welcoming him to visit them in Scotland. It was there, at a home called Kilgraston, that Damrosch examined his vision for another show lobby in New York City. Carnegie communicated enthusiasm for conferring a segment of his tremendous riches to the task, and the accident of Carnegie Hall was conceived. Since it opened in 1891, Carnegie Hall has set the global modular for melodic brilliance as the optimistic closing for the worlds finest craftsmen.From Tchaikovsky, Dvo?k, Mahler, and Bartk to George Gershwin, Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman, Judy Garland, and The Beatles, a respect move of music-production specialists speaking to the finest of each divide has filled Carnegie Hall consistently. The account of Carnegie Hall starts amidst the Atlantic. From right off the bat in its history, Carnegie Hall has been a most loved scene for the worlds finest conductors. doddering New Metropolitan opera House of New YorkThe primary Metropolitan Opera House opened o n October 22, 1883, with an execution of Faust.It was situated at 1411 Broadway in the vicinity of thirty-ninth and 40th Streets and was outlined by J. Cleveland Cady. It was just with the development of capital of Nebraska concern that the Met could manufacture itself another home. The Metropolitan Opera got its nonplus after a gathering of New York City moguls had a hard time attempting to secure box situate tickets at New Yorks honorary society of Music. The moguls, needing great seats to the most recent theater and performing expressions, chose to bring their own musical drama house in New York City.Their goal was to improve a greater and performing expressions elective than what was at that evidence offered at the Academy of Music. Amid a period when America was developing and brimming with advancement, the gathering of mogul business people began what might wind up a standout amongst the most surely understood musical drama houses on the planet. The Metropolitan Opera wa s founded in 1883, with its first opera house build on Broadway and 39th Street by a group of flush(p) businessmen who wanted their own theater.In the companys early years, the management changed course several times, first performing everything in Italian (even Carmen and Lohengrin), then everything in German (even Aida and Faust), before finally settling into a policy of performing most works in their original language, with some notable exceptions.Nearly from the soonest starting point, obviously the musical drama house on 39th Street did not have sufficient stage offices.In any case, it was not until the Met joined with other New York organizations in shaping Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts that another home ended up conceivable. The new Metropolitan Opera House, which opened at Lincoln Center in September of 1966, was outfitted with the finest specialized offices. Numerous awesome conductors have helped shape the Met, starting with Wagners devotee Anton Seidl in the 1 890s and Arturo Toscanini who made his presentation in 1908.There were two seasons with the two Toscanini and Gustav Mahler on the directing program. Afterward, Artur Bodanzky, Bruno Walter, George Szell, Fritz Reiner, and Dimitri Mitropoulos contributed dependent melodic bearing.ConclusionMusic has been an amazing expression of the feelings of the one performing or can help others get through hard times with the musical mixture that creates a song. Its a true talent when beats become rhythmic patterns and a voice combine together makes things like Jennifer Hudson, she sings opera drift music today.The definition of music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce ravisher of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. We have many different genres of music in the American history and they have been sung all over the fifty states. I am going to mention just a few of them and controvert the history, origin, and make up of a few concert halls and opera houses.ReferencesByrnes, M., CityLab. (2014, October 22). The Old Met In Its Final Days. Retrieved from https//www.citylab.com/design/2014/10/the-old-met-in-its-final-days/381774/Music. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.dictionary.com/browse/musicHome Boston Symphony Orchestra. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.bso.org/About. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.carnegiehall.orgMusicOne way Is that the viceroy for the sassing movie was prominent, big(p) a synopsis of the movie. The 1 sass trailers gave more of an In sense view of a few scenes of the movie, Instead of now where little snippets of a variety of scenes are shown. In the sass they were used as an viewer to show the audience what the movie will be like, however now they can be used as an artistic thing to step-up publicity for the movie without even knowing what it is about.Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe Their acting styles differed. Audrey Hepburn acted in principally romantic drama movies, when Marilyn Mon roe acted in comedic musical movies. Their acting styles differed because they had different personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a confident person with the ability to sing and act at the same time. Audrey was a great actress, perfect for romantic roles. James doyen and run aground Brandon Actors Like James Dean and Maroon Brands appearance of insurrection came from the way they spiffed up, as well as the characters that they played in movies. In JamesDeans movie, he is a rebellious teenager who does not obey his parents, or else doing what he wants. This suggested that teenagers everywhere could stand up against their parents. They also dressed with a lash jacket and seen with a cigarette, looking very rebellious. Shown. In the sass they were used as an informant to show the audience what the because they had deferent personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a Actors like James Dean and Maroon Brands appearance of rebellion came from the against thei r parents. They also dressed with a leather Jacket and seen with aMusicDo you have a favorite song? Do you remember what you were doing when you last listened to the song? The common known function of music is that it can change peoples mood, an upbeat song gets people going, a sad song makes people cry , however music can do a lot more than that to our brains and bodies. Actually, listening to music can stimulate your brain, which make people recall memories from long time ago and even change peoples body temperature. Also, music can enhance peoples athletic performance. Brain- MemoryMost often, when people listen to songs he/she is familiar with, it stimulates the hippocampus, the brain part that stores the long-term memory. This can easily explain why people can remember what they are doing when listening to his/her favorite music. For example, my brother always forgets to bring his goggles to his swimming practice. The next time before he goes for practice, he can play the same music he was listening to when he was packing. Some emotions and feelings are deeply embedded in peoples memory when they are listening to a particular song.Musical training has even better effect than Just listening to music. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training at all. Physically Body temperature Listening to music can also affects ones body temperature. Simply imagine a creaking screen door, or fingernails scratching on a chalkboard, and how those noises give you Goosebumps or makes you shiver. All kinds of sounds and music can influence our body temperature by affecting blood circulation, pulse rate, breaths, nd even sweating.When I was small, I used to listen to lullaby, they help me to fall asleep. In order to fall asleep, the body must lowers its temperature, so slow and soft music can lowers the body temperature while Loud music like rock and roll, with strong beats and rhyth m can make our body temperature rise a few degrees Physically- Enhance athletic performance A lot of people wonder why athletes always wear their pods and headphones before their games start. Many studies from showed that music have a simulative effect on the brain and body of athletes.This can easily explain why music doesnt only make working out more pleasant, it also enhances our athletic performance. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when theyre standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in shorter time and are even able to reduce their oxygen uptake. So how can this be happening? It is all about distraction, when listening to music, people are more likely to torget now much your legs hurt or how much longer youve got to run before you cross the finish line.Also, the synchronicity involved is very important. When your movement is matched with the steady musical pulse, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when youre going by your own rhythm. For others, the role of music is to block out any negative thoughts so that athletes can focus only on the race or match. Why are you interested in the topic? Whats your favorite music? What kind of music do you usually listen to? When you want to feel calm? Always have a story Makes me focus more when studying and motivated to do thingsMusicList the three different types of families that are emerging in the new millennium. Answer The types of families emerging in the new millennium consist of law marriages, single mothers and fathers, blended families, same-sex parents, and grandparents fulfilling the role of parents to their grandchildren. 2. What are the four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event on partner dies? Answer The four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event one partner dies are to prepare a will, own property Jointly, create a power of attorney, and prepare a deiced living will. . What are two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate? Answer Two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate are that some are Just dissatisfied with the marriage, or spousal abuse. 4. What are some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couples dont? Answer Some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couples dont are that they are legally recognized being married by the government. 5. How many states allow same sex marriages? Answer As of 2014, there are 17 tastes with legal same-sex marriage.Critical Thinking Questions 1. A big debate is raging in both the religious and political arenas regarding same sex marriages. Do you think that If people choose to be committed together, they are entitled to be recognized as a married couple? Why or why not? Answer Yes. If people choose to be committed together, they should be entitled to be recognized as a married couple regardless If Its a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Homosexual couples are no different than heterosexual couples and, therefore, would have the right to marry and be legally considered a married couple. . Why do you think preventing spousal abuse and domestic abuse should be a concern of the government? Do you think It should? Answer Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because It Is their responsibility to provide protection from such things. 3. Do you think cohabitation couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license? Answer Yes, cohabitation couples should be entitled the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license. . Leona Helmsmen left her millions to her 9 year old dog.She was legally sane at the time-and ran her businesses and corporations until the day she died. Do you think she had the legal right to do what she wanted with her money, or was the Judge In the case within his rights to change Loans will? Answer No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was wealth his rights to change Loans will. 5. Explain the Importance of a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement In the case of a cohabitation couple who re killed In an auto accident.Answer It Is Important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement In the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed In an auto accident In order to keep the state from stepping In. Music By denationalizations marriages. Do you think that if people choose to be committed together, they are a married couple regardless if its a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Government? Do you think it should? Answer Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because it is their responsibility to provide protection n the case within his rights to change Loans will?Answer No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all he r money to her dog. The Judge was within his rights to change Loans will. 5. Explain the importance off will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident. Answer It is important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident in order to keep the state from stepping in.MusicOne way Is that the viceroy for the sass movie was prominent, giving a synopsis of the movie. The 1 sass trailers gave more of an In depth view of a few scenes of the movie, Instead of now where little snippets of a variety of scenes are shown. In the sass they were used as an Informant to show the audience what the movie will be like, however now they can be used as an artistic thing to gain publicity for the movie without even knowing what it is about.Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe Their acting styles differed. Audrey Hepburn acted in mainly romantic drama movies, when Marilyn Monroe acted in comedic musical movies. Their acting styles differed because they had different personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a confident person with the ability to sing and act at the same time. Audrey was a great actress, perfect for romantic roles. James Dean and Maroon Brandon Actors Like James Dean and Maroon Brands appearance of rebellion came from the way they dressed, as well as the characters that they played in movies. In JamesDeans movie, he is a rebellious teenager who does not obey his parents, instead doing what he wants. This suggested that teenagers everywhere could stand up against their parents. They also dressed with a leather jacket and seen with a cigarette, looking very rebellious. Shown. In the sass they were used as an informant to show the audience what the because they had deferent personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a Actors like James Dean and Maroon Brands appearan ce of rebellion came from the against their parents. They also dressed with a leather Jacket and seen with a

Importance Of A Teaching Philosophy Education Essay

Alhamdulillah, my wining experience began when I was still a educatee in secondary civilise. The deferral and interruptions were the come for me to affect myself in the instruction procedure. This continued at place whereby I employ to acquire ph whizz c all t grey-headeds from my friends to explicate nearly a unmatched subject from topics like maths, natural philosophies and chemical science. After graduating from college, I thrash shorted for hexad months as instructor in a private secondary school in my vicinity before prose burn offing myself into third surveies. Hence, I could state that operative as a instructor after my graduation from university is something I would essay as normal.Actually, I am in my 5th twelvemonth as an educator and Alhamdulillah, I had the experience of functional in three unlike schools with students, both male childs and misss, from contrary socio-cultural backgrounds. In the undermenti whizd chapters, I would find out to portion my instruction doctrine. But first, the resultance of ontogeny one s learning doctrine get out be discussed.Chapter Two Importance of a tr somebodyaling DoctrineA instruction doctrine statement is a systematic and little principle that foc aims on the of write constituents specifying effectual instruction and science in a peculiar subject and/or institutional context ( Schonwetter et all, 2002, p.84 ) . Harmonizing to Campos ( 2010, p.2 ) , it states our accomplishment experiences, ends, beliefs, degree of professionalism and self- education among umteen separate elements . As for Natasha Kenny ( 2008, p.8 ) , an educational directer at the University of Guelph, a learning doctrine statement clearly and logically communicates what your cardinal determine and beliefs are about learning and attainment, why you hold these values and beliefs, and how you register these values and beliefs into your mundane instruction and encyclopaedism experiences. Sing the cons equenceance of developing a instruction doctrine, Coppola ( 2002, p.450 ) states that the instruction statement gives you a get pour down point for analyzing your instruction patterns, allows you to portion your suppositions with early(a)(a)(a)s, and allows you to supervise the advancement of your ain development as a instructor .Brookfield ( 1990 ) identified four distinct intents in developing a instruction doctrine. These intents arePersonal intent it is better that your learning doctrine reflects why you are making what you are making. governmental intent your learning doctrine demands to demo that your place is grounded in a well-developed and carefully doctrine of pattern. This patrons you to fall envision, which is of import to turn yourself in the governmental country.Professional intent your learning doctrine demands to demo your professional ends to develop an individuality that go out assist you to better the development of professional strengths among antithetical instructors.Pedagogical intent instruction is about turning and happening stark naked ways to develop your lessons harmonizing to the scholars demands, so your learning doctrine should demo what moment you are holding on savants and on their acquisition?Chapter Three My article of belief Doctrine3.1 Teaching in General Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceive as a valu adequate to(p) gift preferably than a awkward responsibility Albert EinsteinAlhamdulillah, since I began learning, I had the juncture to learn different topics, besides maths, like English Literature, Computer Studies and coordinated Science to schoolchilds with a wide scope of demands, cognition, and cultural backgrounds. Apart from working as pedagog in colleges, I besides try to assist my friends and others outside school. Further frequently, I used to give a point class on Tajweed to my brothers of the Muslim religion in the mosque. I one time had the adventure to learn a friend who was set ab expeditiousness his undergraduate grade in Mathematicss and he was older than me. Several of import general rules that I try to engage in my instruction pattern send packing buoy be formulated as followsNo mathematical function how experienced a instructor is, each sweet house and every new pupil pose a challenge. For honor in instruction, there is ever room for betterment.A instructor has to woo to different acquisition manners, to offer a assortment of instructional experiences, and to economize an unfasten head to new learning techniques to give every pupil the stake to take part to the full and actively in the acquisition procedure.Bing a successful instructor depends on making a acquisition environment with the unfastened geographic expedition of thoughts, a relationship in which pupils feel respected every bit darling as challenged. Students should be encouraged to stretch themselves a bit beyond their degree of value and be given an chance to go forth every category feeling that they have overcome a new challenge successfully.Teaching should be an built-in constituent of the creative activity of new cognition, an sign measure toward go oning instruction, and firstly of all, self-cultivation.Though student satisfaction is of import for better acquisition, learning particularly in mathematics should non go a popularity competition, or a show. A instructor is responsible to the society in general, and should defy the force per unit area of take downing faculty member criterions in instruction.3.2 Teaching of Mathematicss We could utilize up two Eternities in larning all that is to be learned about our ain universe and the 1000s of states that have arisen and flourished and vanished from it.A Mathematics entirely would busy me eight million old ages Mark twosome Mathematics is like checkerss draughtss in world suited for the immature, non excessively hard, amusive, and without misfortune to the provi nce PlatoBing a mathematics instructor every bit good as a tell apartr of the topic, there are some characteristics of mathematics that makes it a rattling particular subject. To call a fewMathematicss is an first-class mail rational game where all the participants win.Mathematicss is besides a theoretical draw that do-nothing be used for developing independent and critical thought.Mathematicss can be seen as a lingual communication that allows us to come on thoughts exactly between ourselves.Last, mathematics is a tool used in natural scientific disciplines and, therefore, a needed subject for many pupils.The above statements entirely actuate me to portion my mathematical cognition, among others, to my pupils. However, my ends for learning mathematics are many. First, communicate to my pupils that mathematics is a merriment and better their self-reliance approximately mathematics every bit good as cut downing their anxiousness about mathematics. Other ends areDetect and ma ke full spreads in pupils anterior math cognitionDevelop a mathematical sense about measures, geometry, and symbolsDevelop a assortment of problem-solving schemes and radical computational accomplishmentsEnable and empower pupilsEnable pupils to do judgements based on quantitative information, to turn out basic consequences, to read mathematics in effect and to recognize their ain idea proceduresPromote a broader involvement in mathematicsEnsure that pupils truly understand fabricatesEstablish constructive pupil attitudes about mathematicsFacilitate acquisition of life-long acquisition accomplishmentsFoster a desire to inquire mathematics inquiries, critical thought, pupil find of mathematics and surrogate apprehension of the cogent evidence of cardinal theoremsTeach the witness of mathematicsAid pupils learn the cardinal theorems and their applicationsImprove pupils apprehension of technologyImprove pupils authorship abilitiesIncrease the insert of mathematics big leagues every bit good as the pupils mathematical cognitionModel bright problem-solvingMotivate pupils to do an attempt to larn mathematicsOpen the doors to other chances for pupilsPrepare future mathematicians, pupils for proficient callings and pupils to be knowing grownups roof applications to other Fieldss particularly for abstract topics like vectors whereby pupils frequently ask the inquiry where will vectors used us in our life? Teach ready reckoner and reckoning railroad car accomplishments, cardinal constructs, generalizing, logical logical thinking, mathematical authorship, foretelling, problem-solving and proof-reading of mathematicsthatched roof pupils how to interpret back and Forth between words and mathematicsThatch pupils to work collaborativelyIt is, unluckily, rattling hard to seek to demo the existent watcher of mathematics in the model of most bing way of life of vignette as they are designed to feed pupils with frequently much facts than anyone could get down . honourable covering the needed stuff usually takes a bit more clip than is available. Another job is that mathematics as a linguistic communication can be rather proficient, and to explicate something meaningful, one has to go along old ages larning regulations of the mathematical grammar foremost.I consider mathematics to be a disputing topic to learn, which makes it particularly attractive for me. I try to utilize every possibility to expose pupils to the exciting universe of mathematics, frequently implicitly, so they whitethorn non even detect it at first. I think that pupils engagement is outstanding for larning mathematics.3.3 Teaching Manners and MethodsMy mathematics schoolroom features multiple of methods of direction that depends onthe capable affair of the lesson, that is, the subject to be taught andmy experience with how single pupils and categories outdo learn mathematics.On some occasions, the student-centred attack or whole-class treatments are undertaken op us on other occasions, small-group probes are carried out and still others see persons working one-on-one with another pupil or with me. This schoolroom interaction helps construct relationships between my pupils and I and at the very(prenominal) time, among the pupils themselves. These assorted schoolroom patterns help turn to the varied acquisition manners found in the mathematics schoolroom.Furthermore, I prepare my categories meticulously, however I like to improvize whenever possible. I dislike being interrupted during my account but I love it when the pupils ask inquiries afterwards and I congratulate them for any good inquiries and remarks. I open each session with a brief reminder of the old session s stuff and an lineation of the twenty-four hours s subject, and I typically conclude with a sum-up of cardinal points. There is a particular session for reappraisal before every study trial. I normally speak clearly, aloud, and easy, but enthusiastically. Students are encour aged to larn from each other as their classs are non curved, therefore, pupils are non viing with their schoolmates. In some categories, particularly my make up Science categories, I give group undertakings and prep, depending on the subject being covered. When possible, I distribute solutions to homework jobs, quizzes, and trials. To cut down pupils anxiousness about trials, I usually give my pupils alteration exercisings before any major trial and I encourage them to work excess jobs on their ain and come to see me for any jobs. I do non see memorisation to be the most of import in mathematics categories this is why I make and promote my pupils a batch to pattern maximal figure of jobs. If the course of study would hold allowed it, I would do all my trials open-book/notes. Assignments and undertakings are of course integrated into my classs. I spend clip explicating the subsidisations and work outing similar jobs in category for farther treatment.3.4 Use of TechnologyI rememb er that one time I was in a meeting with my above 70 twelvemonth old curate and he told me In my clip, when we had to make a mathematical computation, we used the logarithm tabular array and he asked me whether I knew how to utilize the logarithm tabular array Alhamdulillah, today we have the electronic reckoner. This small piece of engineering is the lone electronic device that our pupils can utilize in their surveies as the different course of study do non provide for the usage of other electronic devices in the interrogatory room. I would hold loved to see a alteration in these course of study which would enable more the usage of engineering in the acquisition of mathematics. Personally, I am a great fan of the newest educational bundle that may be used in the instruction and acquisition procedure. At present, to utilize mathematical packet at college would look unrealistic but I hope to happen a alteration bruskly in the course of study which will do it existent. However, pupils foremost need to understand that engineering is a tool, much like a compass or a protractor, and that engineering must be used merely as a tool. Central to my usage of engineering in the schoolroom is the thought that pupils must understand what they are making mathematically even when they use engineering as an assistance.As mentioned earlier, the most omnipresent piece of engineering in and out of the schoolroom is the electronic reckoner. While the reckoner can be a utile tool to decrease the plodding of computations, it is of import for pupils to be able to work without it. This does non intend that reckoners should non be used, but instead that pupils should hold some information about whether an reply is sensible. The usage of reckoners and other engineering can better a pupil s intuition of mathematics and mathematical logical thinking. While most exercisings in a statistics category have comparatively little informations sets, utilizing premade informations sets and computing machine plans allows pupils to derive existent experience with professional tools and helps them visualise tendencies. The usage of computing machine package with prepared illustrations is really utile for in-class visual images in different classs, such as differential equations, concretion, and even pre-calculus. While making the assignment for the module Instructional Technology for my Bed Course, I came across package called Yenka which provides simulations. I truly appreciated the portion on chance where piece explicating the different results when fliping two coins, there a simulation really fliping the two coins. I hope, insha Allah, to utilize it when I explicating this subject t my pupils in the next hereafter.With the coming of tablet PCs, I am hopeful, insha Allah, that it is merely a affair of clip before the usage of mathematical package and on-line scrutiny at secondary degree will be implemented. But, at the same clip, I strongly oppose the maltreatment o f engineering. There are classs in mathematics, where pupils need to larn how to utilize their encephalon instead than calculators/computers. In my short experience in instruction, I came across an HSc ( Higher School credential ) pupil making the simple arithmetic job utilizing a reckoner 3.5 My Best Personal Achievement Facilitate things to people and do non do it difficult for thema Prophet Muhammad ( Peace and Blessing of God Almighty be upon Him )I unfeignedly believe that the best academic public entry of a pupil is non to see the high-flyer pupil being ranked foremost at the terminal of the twelvemonth but instead to see the low-achiever pupil able to reply about all inquiries of the same exam composition right at the terminal of the twelvemonth and have a really good consequence, irrespective of his/her overall rank.At my school, the construct of cyclosis is utilize to divide the best pupils, frequently labeled as the high-flyers , and those less able pupils, frequen tly labeled as low-achiever pupils ( some advocates of the Marxist position will differ wholly with this construct ) . Last twelvemonth, I had the chance to work with the less able pupils of Form I and Form II, learning Integrated Science. Alhamdulillah, I was motivated but I could that a batch of these pupils overleap motive. Furthermore, some of them came from hapless socio-background and some came from broken households. There was even a kid who repeated Form I So, at first it seems really hard to anticipate that half of them would understand the different subjects even more so that they would go through their concluding twelvemonth test. After all, we are speaking about Science which purportedly is a topic for the natural pupils.I figured out that I should utilize a different attack with them. Finally, I opted for the Learning by Fun construct. It required much more energy from me but Alhamdulillah, I do non repent for one second all the energy used that twelvemonth when wor king with these pupils as the ground is obvious about all students non merely passed the concluding twelvemonth scrutiny but they really obtained really good consequences Masha Allah. The frost on the bar was when the caput of the scientific discipline section informed me that the curate was really pleased with the consequence.3.6 Reasoning NotesI believe that each kid is a alone person who needs a secure, lovingness, and exciting ambiance in which to turn and maturate emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. It is my desire as an pedagogue to assist pupils run into their fullest potency in these countries by supplying an environment that is safe, supports risk-taking, and invites a share of thoughts. There are three indispensable elements that I believe are contributing to set uping such an environment,the instructor moving as a usher,leting the kid s natural wonder to direct his/her acquisition, andadvancing regard for all things and all people.When the instructor s function is to steer, supplying entrance money to information instead than moving as the primary beginning of information, the pupils lead for cognition is met as they learn to happen replies to their inquiries. For pupils to build cognition, they need the chance to detect for themselves and pattern accomplishments in reliable state of affairss. Supplying pupils entryway to hands-on activities and leting equal clip and infinite to utilize stuffs that reinforce the lesson being studied creates an chance for single find and building of cognition to happen. equally of import to self-discovery is holding the chance to analyze things that are meaningful and germane(predicate) to one s life and involvements. Developing a course of study around pupil involvements Fosters intrinsic motive and stimulates the honey to larn.Helping pupils to develop a deep love and regard for themselves, others, and their environment occurs through an unfastened sharing of thoughts and a wise attack to train. When the voice of each pupil is heard, and environment evolves where pupils feel free to show themselves. Class meetings are one manner to promote such duologue. I believe kids have great regard for their instructors, their equals, and the lessons presented when they feel safe and certain of what is expected of them. In puting bonny and consistent regulations ab initio and saying the importance of every activity, pupils are shown regard for their presence and clip. In bend they learn to esteem themselves, others, and their environment.For me, learning provides an chance for continual acquisition and growing. One of my hopes as an pedagogue is to transfuse a love of larning in my pupils, as I portion my ain passion for larning with them. I feel there is a demand for compassionate, strong, and dedicated persons who are excited about working with kids. In our competitory society it is of import for pupils to non merely have a solid instruction, but to work with person who is cognizant of and sensitive to their single demands. Alhamdulillah, I am such a individual and will ever endeavor to be the best pedagogue that I can be.

Why Do We Dream?

No one knows the true answer as to why we humans dream. Probably no one ever testament truly know barely there ar many theories concerning this topic. virtuoso theory brought about by famed psychologist Sigmund Freud is that dreams are secret attentiveness fulfillments of the dreamer. another(prenominal) is the information-processing theory. A third theory is called the activation-synthesis theory. All three are valid theories that deserved to be looked at and discussed with a little to a greater extent detail. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist in the late 1800s to the mid-1900s.Much of his work is now considered to be dated and even a bit absurd but it is comfort studied to this day. Perhaps his most famous contribution to the world of psychology, along with being the father of psychoanalysis, was his work on the interpretation and meaning of dreams. He wrote, and in 1900 published, the book The Interpretation of Dreams. He himself found his book to be very important and said It contains the most valuable of all the discoveries it has been my inviolable fortune to make. Insight such as this falls to ones lot but once in a lifetime (Cherry).His theory is that dreams are repressed, secret, much sexual, desires in the unconscious mind of the dreamer. While dreaming, these secret fears and desires make themselves cognise. afterwards listening to some dreams from patients of his, Freud said What is common in all these dreams is obvious. They on the whole satisfy wishes excited during the day which remain unrealized. They are simply and undisguisedly realizations of wishes (Freud). Another theory about why humans dream is called the Information-Processing Theory. It is also known as the Off-Line Theory.

How to Maintain a Good Health Essay

Nowadays, most people be particular with their daily reckon and lives which cause most of them have less period to c atomic number 18 for their wellness including me. I used to eat foods that ar easily to prepare in short period of time for example French fries, chicken nuggets or even pizza without paying attention to its nutrition if they are defamatory or healthy for my health. According to Rockwell, high- fat foods may increase your run a guess for high blood cholesterol and this puts you at a higher risk for heart disease and other health conditions (2011). Here are well-nigh locomote that we potentiometer follow to avoid high-fat foods, non smoking and take in foods high in vitamins help protect the eyes.There are three steps that I recommend others to follow of how to avoid fat foods, it may not work on everybody entirely at least it works on me.First, making a list of good and healthy foods before passing play to supermarket then just follow what we have listed out and obtain it for our meal. Secondly, extend to put as much as foods such fresh fruits in the refrigerator so that every time we involve something to eat, especially in night time, we can replace junk foods or fatty foods with fruits. Last, we need to put our health on the top of everything in life that is wherefore we need to read the nutritional fact carefully before we buy something.Not only fatty food can affect our health but also smoking could be dangerous for us. By reading an hold from Black stated that currently some 444,000 people die every year from direct and indirect tobacco diseases ( 2011). It is good to avoid smoking that everybody has to do as soon as possible to save our lives.Here are some ways that people should follow to avoid tobacco. Keep yourself busy with daily activities instead of thinking about tobacco. For example, take your free time to go to the gym for working out instead of smoking or you can take a walk for sightseeing. Efficient nutritio nal consumption is the most important part to keep our body healthy. There are certain types of minerals and vitamins are required for the eyes need.Vitamin A is one of the major sources to keep the humans eyes work properly, and this kind vitamin we can obtain mostly from fresh fruit and vegetables. Furthermore, Vitamin D is also of the essence(p) to maintain and improve vision suggested by Dr. Mercola because it helps reductions in retinal kindling and levels of amyloid beta accumulation which is a hallmark of aging (2012). Those are some information that I want to let people bash how avoiding high-fat foods, not smoking, and eating foods high in vitamins help protect the eyes. hopefully people will have a good life and halt healthy.Works CitedBlack, Ken. How many people dies an hour smoking?. College Central. whitethorn 1, 2011. Web. October 2, 2012. http//www.collegecentral.com/Article.cfm?CatID=hlt&ArticleID=3964. Dr. Mercola. This Vitamin engraft to Rejuvenate Aging Eye s. Take control of Your Health. February 6, 2012. Web. October 2, 2012. http//articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/02/06/this-vitamin-found-to-rejuvenate-aging-eyes.aspx Rockwell, Kay. Can superfatted Foods Cause Dark Circles Under the Eyes?. The Limitless Potential of You. May 2, 2011. Web. October 2, 2012. Http//www.livestrong.com/article/395649-can-fatty-foods-cause-dark-circles-under-the-eyes/

Introduction to People, Organization Andmanagement Essay

1. Key Information mental faculty title insertion to People, make-ups and Management Module Leader Hermi oneness McIntosh Chelmsford/Michael Ashcroft Building/ Room MAB 301 E truly staff has a Module Definition variation (MDF) which is the offici every(prenominal)y vali exitd read of the staff. You can access the MDF for this mental faculty in three ways * the literalistic schooling Environment (VLE) * the My. Anglia Module Catalogue at www. anglia. ac. uk/ mental facultycatalogue * Anglia Ruskins staff search engine facility at www.anglia. ac. uk/modules every modules delivered by Anglia Ruskin University at its primary(prenominal) campuses in the UK and at partner institutions passim the UK and everywhereseas ar governed by the academician Regulations. You can view these at www. anglia. ac. uk/ academicianregs. A printed invoke of the Academic Regulations, kat oncen as the sagacity Regulations, is available for every disciple from your module Office ( wholly ne w pupils go out become veritable a copy as part of their welcome pack).In the unlikely particular of any discrepancy betwixt the Academic Regulations and any other publication, including this module guide, the Academic Regulations, as the definitive document, take precedence over completely other publications and forget be applied in all cases. 2. doorway to the Module This 30 credit module covers quadruplet delineate atomic frame 18as. The organisational mount This module allows school-age childs to explore the organisational context and will furnish students with tools to analyse the organisational surround and the degree of dynamism and complexity in which organisations operate. students will be encourage to visit organisational responses to environmental turbulence. The development and impact of organisational culture will to a fault be assessed. Organisation structures and approaches to solicitude Students will analyse the changes to organisational structure a nd computer architecture and the evolution from self-contained structures to boundaryless organisations. onrushes to focussing from scientific management to setmodern organisations will be evaluated and the way groups and police squads be formed and structured.Motivation will in any case be examined as a motivated drawforce can be a sign of a successful organisation and students will be encouraged to reflect minutely on theories of indigence and apply them to real life situations and case accept scenarios. Management make fores Intensified competition, technological induction and increased noesis intensity has resulted in a pattern of replicate change. The results of change programmes atomic figure 18 often disappointing and students will examine the triggers for change, why change is resisted and organisations approaches to change management.This module will also check over the difference between leaders and management and life-sustainingly evaluate uncorrupt ed and contemporary approaches to leadership theory and the role power and politics frivol in organisational life. someones in the organisation This part of the module focuses on individual differences. The ability to learn, and to continue learn, for individuals and organisations, is crucial in the 21st pennyury. Students will be introduced to a summate of learning theories which affect management practices and will read an overview of the learning organisation.Students will examine the role that psycheality and perception adopt in shaping and directing our own and other peoples behaviour. The role of chat will also be investigated as communication affects organisation performance and also individual life history prospects. Students will then be equipped with a robust intellectual frame pull in for analysing and sagaciousness the past, present and future influences on their own thinking, attitudes, values and behaviours and to reflect on how these might impact their effectualness and performance in practice. Please also refer to functions 6a and 6b of the MDF. 3. Intended study Outcomes.Anglia Ruskin modules argon taught on the basis of think learning outcomes and on successful completion of this module, you will be pass judgment to be able to demonstrate that you have met these outcomes. On successful completion you will be able to 1. Understand and critically evaluate the be principles and concepts of the nature of organisations. 2. Understand and appreciate the contri thoion of effective people management to the success of organisations. 3. Explore a range of theories developed to aid the ingest of learning and human behaviour, reflecting on their learning experiences and c arer development.4. Examine the practical application of theories in real world organisational settings. 5. Apply a range of theories and concepts on organisational design, structure and management in the digest of managing employees with specific reference to l eadership, power, motivation and team add. 6. Use simple psychometric and re latterlyd instruments for self-analysis and learning tools for goal-setting, problem-solving and per give-and-takeal reflective practice within a frame reach for personal and career development. 4. Outline Delivery.Wk Lecture A People Lecture B Organisation Management Reading (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010) 1 grounding to Part A of the module. Individual behaviour and personality Introduction to Part B of the module. What is an organisation? Introduction to organisational behaviour. Orientation to work and the work ethic.. Chapters 1 and 6 2 character theories in the work confide. The organisations environment. Business ethics and corporate kindly responsibility. Chapters 2, 3 and 6 3 Perception. Organisational culture and socialisation. Chapters 4 and 8 4 Attitudes and values. Organisational structure and architecture. Chapters 15 and 17 Brooks Chapter 3 5 Learning as a march. The Behaviourist an d Cognitive approaches. Approaches to organisations and management. (1) Chapters 5, 14 and16 6 Learning in practice and the Learning Organisation Approaches to organisations and management (2) Chapters 5, 14 and 16, 7 Motivation content theories Groups and teams at work. Chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 8.Motivation process theories Organisational change Chapters 9 and 18 9 Communication Leadership (part 1) Chapters 7 and 19 10 Career management and choices Leadership (part 2) Chapter 19 11 Reflective practice and managing self. Power in organisations Chapter 22 12 Module review. Module review 4. 1 Attendance Requirements Attending all your classes is very burning(prenominal) and one of the best ways to dish up you succeed in this module. In accordance with the Student Charter, you are expected to arrive on judgment of conviction and take an active part in all your timetabled classes.If you are unable to attend a class for a valid indicate (eg illness), please contact your Module Tutors. Anglia Ruskin will closely monitor the attention of all students and will contact you by e-mail if you have been take without notice for 2 weeks. Continued absence can result in the edgeination of your registration as you will be considered to have draw back from your studies. International students who are non-EEA nationals and in possession of entry clearance/ extend to remain as a student (student visa) are required to be in regular attendance at Anglia Ruskin.Failure to do so is considered to be a breach of national immigration regulations. Anglia Ruskin, like all British Universities, is statutorily obliged to inform the B tell apart and Immigration government agency of the Home Office of significant unauthorised absences by any student visa holders. 5. Assessment This module will be assessed through cardinal pieces of coursework which will allow you to evidence the demands of this module and meet the learning outcomes ( look out sections 7 and 9 of the MDF). Bo th pieces of coursework have a countersign limit of 3,000 speech communication and have a 50% weighting.The appellation hand-in come across is Tuesday, 8 May, 2012. All coursework appointees and other forms of judgement moldiness(prenominal) be submitted by the published deadline which is flesh out above. It is your responsibility to know when work is due to be submitted ignorance of the deadline date will not be receiveed as a reason for late or non-submission. All student work which contributes to the flattual outcome of the module (ie if it determines whether you will pass or fail the module and counts towards the mark you happen upon for the module) is submitted via the iCentre utilize the formal submission sheet .Academic staff CANNOT accept work directly from you. If you decide to submit your work to the iCentre by post, it mustiness arrive by midday on the due date. If you elect to post your work, you do so at your own risk and you must stop that sufficient tim e is provided for your work to arrive at the iCentre. Posting your work the day before a deadline, albeit by offset printing class post, is super risky and not advised. Any late work (submitted in person or by post) will NOT be accepted and a mark of zero will be awarded for the assessment task in question. You are beseeched to keep a copy of your work. Feedback.You are authorise to scripted feedback on your performance for all your assessed work. For all assessment tasks which are not examinations, this is provided by a member of academic staff complemental the appellative coversheet on which your mark and feedback will relate to the achievement of the modules intended learning outcomes and the assessment criteria you were given for the task when it was first issued. Examination scripts are retained by Anglia Ruskin and are not recurrenceed to students. However, you are entitled to feedback on your performance in an examination and whitethorn request a meeting with the Modu le Leader or Tutor to seeyour examination script and to discuss your performance.Anglia Ruskin is committed to providing you with feedback on all assessed work within 20 workings days of the submission deadline or the date of an examination. This is extended to 30 days for feedback for a Major Project module (please note that working days excludes those days when Anglia Ruskin University is officially closed eg between Christmas and stark naked Year). Personal tutors will offer to read feedback from several modules and help you to address any common themes that may be emerging.At the main Anglia Ruskin University campuses, each Faculty will publish details of the arrangement for the return of your assessed work (eg a marked essay or case study etc. ). Any work which is not collected by you from the Faculty within this timeframe is returned to the iCentres from where you can subsequently collect it. The iCentres retain student work for a specified period prior to its disposal. To a ssure ourselves that our marking processes are comparable with other universities in the UK, Anglia Ruskin provides samples of student assessed work to outside(a) examiners as a routine part of our marking processes.External examiners are experience academic staff from other universities who scrutinise your work and provide Anglia Ruskin academic staff with feedback and advice. many of Anglia Ruskins staff act as external examiners at other universities. On occasion, you will receive feedback and marks for pieces of work that you ideal in the earlier stages of the module. We provide you with this feedback as part of the learning experience and to help you prepare for other assessment tasks that you have motionlessness to complete.It is important to note that, in these cases, the marks for these pieces of work are unofficial as the processes described above for the use of external examiners will not have been realized. This means that, potentially, marks can change, in either thrill Marks for modules and individual pieces of work become confirmed on the Dates for the appointed Publication of Results which can be checked at www. anglia. ac. uk/results. assigning wiz Module Title Introduction to People, Organisations and Management Module autographBB130020SLevel 1 Academic Year 2011/12Semester Two Module LeaderHermione McIntosh. book of instructions tick off below Word Limit 3000 words % weightiness50% compose engagements must not exceed the specified level best number of words. Assignments will not be accepted without a word count on the cover sheet. Submission DateTuesday, May 8, 2012 pull in submitted by and by this date will receive a mark of 0 unless an extension has been canonic in advance of this deadline. Requests for short-term extensions will but be considered in the case of illness or other cause considered valid by the Student Adviser. These must normally be received and agreed by Student Adviser in writing at least 20 quadruple h ours prior to the deadline.Please refer to the Academic Regulations or your Student Handbook for full details. Further detailsThis assignment must be completed individually. This assignment must be devoted to a completed University Assignment Cover Sheet and accompanied by a completed University Assignment Receipt before submission. Any attachments ( much(prenominal) as computer discs) must be marked with your SID number(s) and secu assert attached to your assignment before submission. Do not submit your work in a plastic sleeve. undertaking Read the two organisational case studies attached and provide a critical comparative analysis of them in academic report format.You should consider how the two organisations differ in the way they operate and in the way they are managed. In particular, you should focus on the following force fields * Organisational design and structure * Teams and teamworking * Approach to leadership and management * Organisational culture Your analysis must be back up by pertinent theories and concepts that have been covered in the module and you must demonstrate that you have read widely around the subject area and used this learning to support the arguments you are making. Do not rely solely on the key text but use a range of academic texts and journal articles.Refer to the reading list in your module guide for further guidance. It is essential that you use the Harvard Referencing System and it is recommended that you transfer the Universitys Guide to the Harvard Referencing System from the library website. Assessment weighting for written assignment The following assessment weighting is provided for guidance Introduction 10% psychoanalysis of issues including use of the publications to support arguments 60% Conclusion and recommendations 20% Presentation and structure of the report including written aspect and referencing 10% result take up One Case study 1 Biogenta plc.Biogenta is a world-leading business, producing crop- protection overlaps (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides). It shortly employs 15,000 employees in over 80 countries and has manufacturing facilities in 10 countries. It is organised into four major operative areas Research and Development, Manufacturing, Sales and Marketing and, finally, Support ( concealment fiscal services, human resources and legal services). Jane Morgan, the Chief Executive Officer of Biogenta, is a hale role model for her staff and has developed a mission and a set of values based on prolonged consultation with Biogentas stakeholders.Biogentas mission is to be the more or less trusted provider of crop-protection products in the world and their values include Be adventurous, creative and hold-minded play along growth and learning Be passionate and determined Build open and honest singingships Create fun These values have been embedded in the culture of the organisation. Jane is deeply respected and umpteen of her staff have pull down called her insp irational. She is very motivational and communicates high expectations of all staff.Her aim has always been to pass her staff and to stimulate staff to becreative and innovation so that they try novel approaches and develop ground-breaking new products. Biogenta is committed to innovation and sees this as a major strength. It has a strong focus on recruiting extremely able and highly motivated employees. It is also committed to investing severely in their development. As well as recruiting highly educated staff, many of whom are educated to doctorate level, the conjunction offers numerous in-house training courses covering both technical and personal development issues. As a orbiculate organisation Biogenta wants to recruit the brightest and the best from all over the world.In Cambridge, alone, one of its four research and development hubs, it employs people of 20 divers(prenominal) nationalities. It offers disinterested support to employees who want to further their education and training by gainful fees and giving time off to attend courses. It also offers generous perks, such as opportunities for sabbaticals or gap years and subsidising gym membership. Office environments and point factories are designed to be light, pleasant places to work, with the go with sponsoring a life-size amount of art work and landscaping to enhance the environment.It is also a major sponsor of a number of exhibitions and museums around the world with a biological science theme. Staff are encouraged to contribute to community work, and the company sponsors a number of declare oneselfs working with schools in a number of countries on biological science projects. Although Biogenta has a traditional structure, as would be expected of an organisation of this size, Jane believes that structures, job titles and power can put barriers up between people and inhibit innovation and performance. She believes it is far more effective to put her faith in people and in teamwork and there is tokenish hierarchy.Although almost all employees work in one of the four purposeal areas mentioned above, the organisation also promotes cross-functional working in project teams, about of which are virtual teams. Project working is seen as essential to achieving constant product improvement and innovation. These teams can be large or small, short term or fairly long in duration. It recognizes that getting people from different functions to work effectively together can be a take exception and it has a number of ways of trying to minimise these, including the use of technology.Many of the support staff have at least undergraduate degrees in science subjects. For example Jacqueline Baryomunsi works in the marketing team but she has a degree in Biology, although she was later sponsored by Biogenta to do an MBA. Although in the first place based in Cambridge, she was recently posted to a nine month international assignment in South Africa where she worked on a project to develop a new herbicide, working with a team of four others. This included Jonathan Etherington, who has a PhD in chemistry from the the States and has been working on production in one of Biogentas manufacturing bases in Italy until recently.The other team members included two people from Biogentas research and development function (both based in South Africa) and the team was led by Kathryn Tate, originally from Australia, who has a PhD in molecular biology and is based within Biogentas support function as an IT specialist. This project involved long working hours but Kathryn Tate also made sure the team had time for some fun team members spent quite a lot of time together outside work, even, on one occasion managing to go shark-fishing as well as regularly sampling the night life of Durban. (This is a fictional case study.)Case Study Two OUTBACK INC. reach Tourism is a strong contributor to Australias economy, with over a half million people employed in the sector, and touri sm expense reaching over $85 billion a year. The country promotes its pretty landscapes, Aboriginal art and cultures, coastal lifestyles and the outback as the main attractions for visitors. Australias top five international tourism markets are New Zealand, the UK, Japan, the USA and mainland China. Visitor numbers from China and India have grown strongly, while the number of Japanese and Korean tourists has declined in the last few years.China is now Australias fifth largest international tourism market, brining it into second place with New Zealand, and this is set to grow over the next decade. However, Australias share of world(a) tourism continues to drop, with a decrease of 14 per cent between 1995 and 2008. Since its gush in 2001, it has also declined as a proportion of Australias consummate(a) domestic product. The Australian tourism assiduity continues to struggle from the effects of a series of crises, starting with a pilot strikes in 1989 and the worldwide scotch outf alls of the Iraq War and the SARS outbreak.More recently, after four strike unaffixed years at Qantas, there has been a bitter endure argufy which closed the airline down in October this year. Qantas passengers could face further delays and cancellations after one of the unions locked in a wage dispute threatened more strikes and legal action if the airline did not improve its pay offer. adroit staff shortages are also contributing to Australias tourism industry troubles, with an estimated 42,000 employees needed by 2015. unaccessible Inc Established in the early 1990s, outback(prenominal) is an adventure-based tour company located in Sydney, Australia.The company offers a mutation of services, including guided tours, accommodation and meals, to those wishing to visit remote and regional areas of Australia. inaccessibles comprehensive packages of services have traditionally appealed to travellers from all over the world, particularly visitors from Japan, who typically make up over 80 per cent of their lymph node base, but its product offering has not been updated for a number of years. Profitability has now been on a downward trend for some time and there is no clear vision or detailed strategy to move the company forward.Despite increased marketing efforts aimed at the general Asian market, the company has seen a decrease in bookings from its traditionally reliable Japanese sector. The poor exchange rate has negatively bear on tourist numbers from the U. K. and Outback has yet to attract new clients from China or other Asian countries experiencing more favourable economic conditions. Although Outback grew from a small, family-owned business in the early 1990s to a jolly sized company with sales of several million dollars a year, it politic retains its original functional organisational structure.Its Chief Executive Officer is a son of the original founder and his autocratic style of leadership, although dressed up in paternalism, has meant that he i s not prepared to listen to staff members, particularly those at the lower end of the hierarchy. Outbacks managers, typically members of the companys founding family, head up the various departments, which are structured around traditional functions such as marketing, finance and human resources.In order to satisfy the needs of family members, there are a number of stratified levels within the organisation which often negatively affects the organisation. at that place is limited teamwork and nigh no cross-functional working with each of the functions operating in a silo. At times this has resulted in a poor service to clients where their expectations have not been met, and the company has recently received some bad press in the Asian tourist magazines and newspapers. Although this is an adventure-based tour company, it is not a fun place to work and the culture and leadership style stifle creativity.As with most organisations in the hospitality field, the Outback management uses a traditional leadership style, with decisions made at the top levels of management and communicated downwards. The majority of Outbacks employees are young, highly motivated and eager for learning opportunities, but the company struggles to regain them, facing a turnover rate higher than even what is expected in an industry with a notorious turnover culture. Although the company does have its own website, management has been hesitant to move away from using standard travel agencies for their client booking purposes, which is relatively costly.Many of the young staff have ideas on how to improve the product range, the service offered to clients and how to purpose the all important Asian market, but have given up voicing their ideas as these have not been listened to in the past and they are concerned about being blamed for the rise in client complaints. (This is a fictional case study which has been adapted from Bratton et al. , 2010) Specific assessment criteria for assignment on e 70% + Extensive experience and recogniseing surround organisations and management is evident.A deep level of critical analysis has been provided passim with coherent and convincing arguments made. Theory and practice (case studies) have been integrated convincingly. abstract is support by extensive reading (academic texts and journal articles). Conclusion is convincing, relevant and holistic. pen expression and referencing are excellent resulting in a reasonable assignment which is well-structured, concise and demonstrates clarity of impression. 60 69% Good knowledge and thought surrounding organisations and management is evident.A good level of critical analysis is demonstrated and arguments are clear and structured. Theory and practice (case studies) have been integrated well. Analysis is supported by significant orbit reading (academic texts and journals). Conclusion summarises the key issues convincingly. Good referencing with reconciled citation and listing. compo se expression is good resulting in an assignment which is well-structured, clear and concise. 50 59% hale knowledge and sympathy surrounding organisations and management is evident.Generally good analysis is demonstrated and arguments are clear and structured. Theory and practice (case studies) have been integrated. Analysis is supported by background reading (academic texts). A satisfactory certainty is included. An appropriate structure is used and style of writing is satisfactory. Referencing is to satisfactory standard. 40 49% Some knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. The assignment is more descriptive than analytical, but arguments are sufficiently identifiable and relinquish of obvious contradiction.Limited integration of theory and practice (case studies). Limited background reading from academic sources to support the work. Conclusion is drawn, but not all key issues are included. The assignment is adequately referenced with a n appropriate structure. Written expression is satisfactory, but there are weaknesses in the presentation. Fail 39% and below Very limited knowledge and understanding surrounding organisations and management is evident. The assignment is very descriptive with poor application of relevant theories, concepts and models. token(prenominal) evidence of further reading.No or limited conclusion. The report is lame referenced and the structure is inadequate. Written expression is poor resulting in an assignment which lacks clarity. Overall the task is poorly presented and argued and does not achieve an adequate standard. ASSIGNMENT TWO Module Title Introduction to People, Organisations and Management Module CodeBB130020SLevel 1 Academic Year 2011/12Semester Two Module LeaderHermione McIntosh InstructionsAnswer all four questions Word Limit 3000 words % Weighting50% Written assignments must not exceed the specified maximum number of words.Assignments will not be accepted without a word co unt on the cover sheet. Submission DateTuesday, May 8, 2012 Work submitted after this date will receive a mark of 0 unless an extension has been approved in advance of this deadline. Requests for short-term extensions will only be considered in the case of illness or other cause considered valid by the Student Adviser. These must normally be received and agreed by Student Adviser in writing at least twenty four hours prior to the deadline. Please refer to the Academic Regulations or your Student Handbook for full details.Further detailsThis assignment must be completed individually. This assignment must be attached to a completed University Assignment Cover Sheet and accompanied by a completed University Assignment Receipt before submission. Any attachments (such as computer discs) must be marked with your SID number(s) and securely attached to your assignment before submission. Do not submit your work in a plastic sleeve. Complete ALL four of the following tasks. 1. What is persona lity? And what relevancy has this concept to understanding behaviour in the workplace? 2.Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge through experience which leads to an enduring change in behaviour. (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2010, p. 732) Explain this statement, showing how it relates to a learning theory that you have canvas on this module and to your own approach to learning. 3. One way to understand different motivation theories is to interview your peers on what is important to them when choosing a job. Form a diverse study group, and discuss the following How important is pay in choosing a job when you graduate? Is personal autonomy important in your work motivation?Explain your findings and discuss them in relation to appropriate motivation theory. 4. Choose FOUR barriers to communication and suggest, as a manager, how you might overcome such barriers. Within the 3,000 overall word limit, you should deal words equally to each of the 4 tasks above. You should also illustrate your solution by referring to relevant literature, theory and experience. Each question is equally heavy in terms of the assessment marking. Specific Assessment Criteria for these written tasks 70% + Extensive knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident.A considerable learning of application has been achieved with the literature and examples of practice. A high level of sharpness and thought is evident throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is supported by extensive reading. Written expression and referencing are excellent ideas are well structured, balanced, and neat and demonstrate clarity of thought. 60-69% A good grasp of knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. A very good depth of application has been achieved with the literature and examples of practice.A significant level of insight and thought is evident throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is supported by good background reading. Written expression is of a very good standard and referencing is strong with consistent citation and listing. The ideas are well structured, balanced, and clear and concise 50-59% Sound knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. Generally good application has been achieved with the literature and examples of practice. There is evidence of insight and thought throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is supported by background reading.Written expression and referencing is of a satisfactory standard. The ideas are fairly well structured, and clear and concise. 40-49% Some knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident. Generally the work is more descriptive than applied. Limited evidence of insight and thought throughout the arguments made and the findings presented. Analysis is limited, and not all the key issues are addressed. Written expression and referencing is of a satisfactory standard, but there are weaknesses in the presentati on. Fail 30-39% Very limited knowledge and understanding of the literature is evident.The work is very descriptive with poor application of relevant theories and concepts. Minimal evidence of insight, thought and analysis. Written expression is poor resulting in writing which lacks clarity. Poor presentation overall, and does not achieve an adequate standard. 6. Assessment Criteria and Marking Standards ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY GENERIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND MARKING STANDARDS LEVEL 1 GenericLearning Outcomes(Academic Regulations, Section 2) Assessment criteria by level Marking standards (by mark band) 70%+ 60-69% 50-59% 40-49% 30-39% 1-29%. Characteristics of student achievement per mark band Achieves module outcome/s cerebrate to this GLO at this Level of Study Achieves module outcome/s colligate to this GLO at this Level of Study Achieves module outcome/s tie in to this GLO at this Level of Study Achieves a marginal pass in the module outcome/s related to this GLO at this Level of Study Fails marginally to achieve module outcome/s related to this GLO. MDF may permit compensation Fails to achieve module outcome/s related to this GLO and is not eligible for compensation Knowledge and Understanding Level 1 (FHEQ level 4) intr.