Auden an the Greeks Essay

We would never have become fully conscious, which is to say that we would never have become, for better or worse, fully human. † this quote is for W. H. Auden, who was a prolific writer and plat write. In this paper I will endeavor to give insight about the author of this quote, the origins of this piece, and what the author meant in writhing it. As well as examples of proof that Auden’s theory was true or not. And finally I will give my opinion whether I feel that Auden quote is correct. To start with a short back ground on the author Wystan Hugh Auden he was born in York, England, in 1907. He moved to Birmingham during childhood and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. As a young man he was influenced by the poetry of Thomas Hardy, Robert Frost, William Blake, Emily Dickinson, as well as old English verse,(http://www. poets. org ). Auden seem to have always had a fascination with the ancient Greeks having been educated at a young age on the teaching of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle . Auden’s love of the ancient Greeks would in later life place him in the category as a Grecophile: ( a lover of all things Greek). This love of Ancient Greek; teachings, and traditions I’m sure this led to Auden’s viewpoint of how the Greeks contributed to modern civilization. In researching Auden’s line about the Ancient Greek’s and their contributions to are modern day society I found that the line is taken from a larger writing entitled: ‘The Greeks and Us’ in Forewords and Afterwords, (W.H. Auden, New York, 1973, p. 32). The Quote is: â€Å"I can think of no better way of indicating what we owe to Greece than drawing distinctions, for of all intellectual acts, that is perhaps the most characteristically Greek. It is they who have taught us, not to think–that all human beings have always done–but to think about our thinking, to ask such questions as â€Å"What do I think? †, â€Å"What do this and that other person or people think? †, â€Å"On what do we agree and disagree? Why? And not only did they learn to ask questions about thinking, but they also discovered how, instead of giving immediate answers to suppose something to be the case and then see what would follow if it were. To be able to perform either of these mental operations, a human being must first be capable of a tremendous feat of moral courage and discipline, for he must have learned how to resist the immediate demands of feeling and bodily needs, and to disregard his natural anxiety about his future so that he can look at his self and his world as if they were not his but a stranger’s. If some of the Greek questions turned out to have been incorrectly put, if some of their answers have proved wrong, that is a trivial matter. Had Greek civilization never existed, we might fear God and deal justly with our neighbors, we might practice arts and even have learned how to devise fairly simple machines, but we would never have become fully conscious, which is to say that we would never have become , for better or worse, fully human. †(W. H. Auden, New York, 1973, p. 32). In reading this text I begin to understand where Auden’s viewpoint is coming from. The main part of the text and purpose of this paper is still widely regarded as true by many citizens in our country today. That the ancient Greek society of Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates, still offers much to the modern world. And with out this it would be hard to imagine what our world would be like without their contributions. Auden is agreeing with this philosophy. Auden is basically saying that the ancient Greeks have contributed how we should be looking at things that affect are daily lives, however so many of us do not. This is saying that we should be looking at a subject from not only are own viewpoint, or are initial first thought on the subject, but to be introspective and take the time to contemplate how the world around us may, or may not, see the same set of circumstance. And then taking all opinions into consideration for the final outcome regardless ff that outcome is good or bad. This takes a lot of mentally thought and discipline since in modern society we tend to be less philosophical, most of us say and do what first comes to our minds regardless of what others around us feel or think of the matter, or the eventual outcome of the situation. In my opinion Auden was saying that we can and should apply this to every aspect of are lives whether it is a personal matter, a judgment call, or really anything. The Greeks felt, in my opinion, that you must always think of your fellow man first and place oneself in his shoes, how another would feel and react to a situation taking that in to consideration and basing ones thoughts and actions on that. This sets peoples apart from a reactionary society to a thinking one, and had Greek civilization not existed we may have made our way, however we would certainly not had compassion for our fellow man and their viewpoints, in other words we would have not become fully human. This school of thought can be shown in example by the relationship of the three great ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, theirs was a relationship of a teacher educating his pupils. Socrates schooled his followers, Plato, Aristotle with his vast knowledge and wisdom, the method became known as Socratic. According to Socrates an inquisitive nature was critical in understanding and solving questions. And by posing this to every one from the man on the street to authority figures and taking their opinions into consideration would compel you to the most reasonable and logical answer benefiting all involved in the situation. However not even Socrates pupils always agreed with his teachings. Both Plato and Aristotle disagreed with some of Socrates views and disagreed with one another. One thing that both did agree on was that an open forum of opinions would help you to acquire the best solution to a problem. Whether they agreed with it or not you must listen and always continue to discover from as many sources to come to the correct conclusion. In conclusion my viewpoint on W. H. Auden’s comment: â€Å"Had Greek civilization never existed†¦ we would never have become fully conscious, which is to say that we would never have become, for better or worse, fully human. That yes indeed, after researching what he was referring to and the trying to look at it from the perspective of the ancient Greeks that using critical thinking, and excepting all shades of opinion whether you agree with them or not and allowing them into your decision making process this is the most effectual way of deducing a question. In this I agree, however I find the modern world we are living in that few of my fellow humans take little or any of this into consideration. Today in my opinion we speak more often before we think of what we are saying and how it effects other and these peoples viewpoints. To me this is sad, if we thought more about the views and feelings of one another and less about making sure our own voice is heard what a different society we would live in. I would have to say I agree with W. H. Auden that if not for ancient Greece we would not have developed fully in to humans. However I feel that our modern society is growing rapidly away from theses ancient principals.

Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour

Finally, the â€Å"Zoo† data set Is a trivial one with 7 classes, which are animal groups, with a total of 101 instances. Each animal instance contains 18 attributes, those of which include the animal's name or race, 2 numeric for its legs and its type, and 15 Boolean-valued attributes; those that involve simple yes or no answers. The following is an analysis of 4 classification algorithms that can be optimally used for these data sets.ANN. would be a good decision when simplicity and accuracy are the overwhelming factors, like in the â€Å"Zoo† data set. This classification algorithm does not focus on the prior probabilities, and is very efficient in structure. The primary computation is the sorting procedures in order to guru out the k-nearest neighbors for the test data. There are many advantages. It is structurally trivial, but it's able to make complex decision boundaries, it doesn't need much information to be able to work, it naturally gets in tune with our probl em-solving techniques, and it learns easily.The disadvantages are that it takes quite a long time to classify and that it's somewhat hard to find the best value for k. Decision Tree The Decision Tree algorithm helps solve the problem of classifying data into multiple groups of data. It provides innovative rules for solving large amounts of classification assignments because it arks on every different type of data. It's well-suited for analyzing abundant amounts of info, such as the â€Å"Adult† data set, because it does not need to load all the data in the system's main memory all at the same time.It uses a root system to remove the burden of the problem's difficulty. The Decision Tree exploration engine is used for assignments such as classifying databases or predicting results. These decision trees should be used when your mission is to assign your records to some ample categories. They help you out with rules that are easy to comprehend, ND those which can also help you pi npoint the best fields in case of future involvement in the project. There are an equal amount of advantages and disadvantages here.In the bright side, it is easy to comprehend and to generate rules, and it makes your life a whole lot easier when the problem gets degraded in difficulty. On the other hand, once an error has been made on a node at level n, then any and all nodes at level n-l, n-2, n-3,†¦ , n-k will also be wrong. Furthermore, it is not good at handling continuous variables. Nevertheless, being able to work with mass scale database files with Just his algorithm is reputable in itself.

Bullying and Individual Person

Argumentative Essay on Bullying Bullying is a constant problem in schools today. It starts off with annoying comments, but esculates up to more severe matters. A lot of us have seen it happen, and a lot of us know how it feels. No one likes being bullied. People look at it as ignorant kids,but bullies are truly criminals,stealing other human-beings self-esteem and at times people end their lives. First of all, bullying is a crime, because of the serious effects and impact it can have on a individual person.And once a person has been robbed of their self-esteem they can suffer from mental and physical problems, drop out of school and mabey even comiit suicide. Many people today can still recall them humiliating days at the hands of their class bully, mainly because bullies usually don’t operate alone. They usually sycophantic the person which means(making their victims attempt to win them over or be a personal flunky so they would stop bullying them.Bullies are everywhere in sm all communities, big communities,parks,mall,streets,but most of all bullies are found at school. Bullies gain control over other kids by physical attacks, punching,kicking and choking for instance. Another form of control is emotional attacks like insults,name calling,spreading rumors and threats. Social attacks are a form of bullying that singlr out kids in of groups of others. The horrible events can start for many reasons including jelousy,gender bias or rasicm;it isn’t right.They terrorize and and harass their victims, ripping apart their self-esteem and attacking their insecurities until the unthinkable happen; violence or even tragic. People often think that bullies don’t see the effects of their actions, or that they don’t understand what they are doing to others. The thing is, bullies don’t understand what they are doing. Whether the bullies are kids are adults, they know its wrong. Bullying someone is abuse. What are we to do, send half of Americ ans to jail?Half of American kids wont end up in jail because they have other alternatives. For instance, bullies could be required to do community service,thearopy, or be shown a prison to show them what they future could be. In addition, parents, schools, and kids need to work together. The problems wont resolve on their own. We need to look at the facts of each situation and take the right hand to solve the problems right. We need to stand up to bullies and not them rip us out our self-esteem.Bullies must face some kind of consequence for all the tortur they did. What I would do is take them to Louisiana state prison and let them see what a real bully life is like. When I interviewed a student who got bullied a few times, he said he really didn’t care what happen to the bully, he just wished he wasn’t born. That’s the type of ways some bully victims feel, which is bad. So we got to stop this. I think one good trip to Louisiana state prison would be rally good for each bully we catch. It would show them what a real bully is.

E-Business report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Business report - Assignment Example According to the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), "the UK gaming industry recorded a trade close to 200m in 2005 and is on a continuous inclination". These facts are favorable to the success of GameODrome. Being nave, GameODrome has to compete with several competitors and prove to the consumer that striking a deal with them is easier and more accessible. The advent of Internet has drastically changed lifestyles. E-Marketing is the latest revolution in Internet which allows buying goods while sitting at the luxury of one's home. Many companies now provide their sales and services through internet. One should know and understand various frameworks of E-marketing and their role in promoting a company. E-Marketing consists of several theoretical models, which provide a company with the tools to support the essential elements of marketing, namely price, promotion, product and place. The important models are: Merchant Model: This model is typically used by traders, resellers, wholesaler and retailers of goods and services. It includes 24x7 ordering and one to one custom marketing (embellix, 2000). This would be the most efficient solution for GameODrome, as its main form. It provides catalogues which make it easy for the consumer to choose a product. Auction Model: This model emulates the traditional 'bidding' model. It implements the bidding mechanisms by presenting goods and their value online. For GameODrome, this model would not be an immediate prospective. However once GameODrome establishes itself in the online industry, it can use this model to make 'year-end sales' and allow flagship firms to auction their goods. Manufacturer Model: It is used by the manufacturers directly to communicate to the consumers about their goods and services. Affiliate Model: In this model a company becomes an 'affiliate' of another company to advertise itself or its products and needs to pay certain amount for using it. This model can work well as a secondary model for GameODrome. Advertising Model: In this model, a company uses another website to advertise with the use of banners. Subscription Model: This model is generally used by Online Libraries and Scientific Organizations, where certain amount has to be paid as subscription charges to view or download any content offered (commissionjunction.com, nd). Logistics Model: In this model a company manages the logistical activities of another company. It is useful to organizations that have a strong foothold and already generated sufficient revenue. E-Business Implementation The implementation of the

Feasibility Report ( Accounting Information System ) Essay

Feasibility Report ( Accounting Information System ) - Essay Example o help provide the company with better integrated working and also to meet the needs which include, a) Improved stock taking process, b) Improved customer relationship management, c) Inclusion of Pay Roll software for better calculation of wages and electronic payment to the staff, and d) Inclusion of sales forecast software to help in forecasting the sales easily and effectively. Based on the research two products have been shortlisted which show potential for SkiZone. These include, NetSuite SaaS and QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions 10. 0. A thorough analysis of the features of the two solutions along with relative merits and demerits indicate the effectiveness of using these systems at SkiZone. These solutions are also financially analysed using investment appraisal methods and the cost benefits are identified. It is identified that Quick Books results in higher returns to the company and also increases the value of the company by a significant amount. The cost benefit analysis indicates that the Quick Books Enterprise is the optimum solution for SkiZone covering all the requirements. Stock management and good book keeping play a very important role in every business. It is essential that businesses keep a clear record of all their finances as well as maintain their stocks effectively (Gelinas & Dull, 2009). Keeping a clear track of all aspects of the business will allow the businesses to have better control on the finances and will also allows the company to benefit from other costs like opportunity costs, stock holding overheads and also any possible risk of wastages (Romney & Steinbart, 2008). This report aims at analysing the current position of Ski Zone and investigating the current deficiencies of the systems used as well as recommending alternative solutions to the company in order to develop better stock management systems. The financial aspects of the alternative option have also been included to gain a better overview of the cost – benefit analysis

Apple should move to a bazaar, or open source, model of development Essay

Apple should move to a bazaar, or open source, model of development similar to Android because this model promotes innovat - Essay Example Prior to the conversion, it was the â€Å"bazaar† system which was commonly adopted by companies all around the world. Raymond (2001) unambiguously specifies regarding the advantages to implement an open source business model towards obtaining greater competitive advantages and scope for continuous development through innovation. One of the most prominent examples to identify the virtues of an â€Å"open source† business model can be regarded with reference to the case of Android software. Notably, it was the open source development model which promoted commercial business of software that further augmented the variables for competition, motivating the major market players to actively participate in product innovation. Hence, from a long term perspective, it becomes apparent that open-source models are likely to be beneficial with regard to industry development and customer satisfaction (Olaleye, â€Å"Open Source Business Model for Mobile Computing: Android Open Sourc e Pt. 1†). However, there are a few companies which yet focus on implementing closed business model emphasizing on strict licensing policies such as Apple Incorporation. Thesis Statement Concentrating on the virtues of an open source business model, this essay will intend to evaluate the appropriateness of adopting an open source business model over a â€Å"bazaar† system to promote product innovation and quality enhancement in case of Apple. Thus, the discussion will attempt to justify whether Apple should move towards adopting an open source model similar to Android. Discussion In the context of present mobile market, Apple Incorporation is often regarded as a leading brand in the IT industry maintaining a particular brand reputation in the minds of the customer. In its business process, Apple had been marketing its software products with copyright licensing which meant that people would have to buy the product code before downloading or installing the software in the ir PC or Mac book. On the other hand, another technology industry giant, Google incorporation has been offering its most demanded software Android, uses an open source model which is based on Linux operating system. In this open source Model, customers are allowed to directly download applications or software in their devices in exchange of minimum or zero monetary value. Certainly, owing to their differing business models, the two software companies have gained dissimilar results in terms of product demand, customer satisfaction and competitive advantages. For instance, customers of Apple products (such as Mac book or iPhone) need to purchase the license before installing the software on their devices in exchange of a specified amount. Even though purchasing license tends to boost customer confidence in terms of quality concerns, it has also been observed to hamper their satisfaction level owing to the complex transaction process and limited choices. On the contrary, the software p ackages of Android is available at a much simpler process along with choices which in turn tends to increase customer satisfaction level; however, it also tends to inhibit customer confidence concerning their quality demanded. Therefore, from a short run perspective, the open-source business model can be termed as advantageous, but from a long-run perspective, t

Finace (IGR, SGR, EFN) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finace (IGR, SGR, EFN) - Case Study Example The remaining income was added back as the retained earnings for the company. This type of retained earnings generally helps companies like S&S Air to provide for internal financing required for further investments in the company. However, in the past S&S Air did not have proper planning regarding the investment opportunities of the company. As a result of this, the company lost sales in the past and had to go through crunch situations as regards to the liquidity position of the company. Hence the company is requiring the need for proper planning for its future investments. Ratio analysis has been done to analyze the current financial condition of the company. Next utilizing the financial ratios calculated, the owners of the company is willing to have a proper financial planning of S&S Air in future. The company needs this type of planning to decide upon the forecasted sales next year which the company can expect to generate. Moreover it would also help the company to know whether an y external financing is required to have the desired growth of the company next year. The company management also needs to have a proper idea about its current efficiency in utilizing its capacity so that improvements can be made if the capacity utilization of the company is less. Hence, calculating the internal growth rate and sustainable growth rate of the company along with the EFN, can help the company plan efficiently for the upcoming Fiscal Year 2012. Question 1: Calculate the internal growth rate and sustainable growth rate for S&S Air. What do these numbers mean? Answer: Internal Growth Rate (IGR) The internal growth rate of a company is given by the following formula (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan 108): Internal Growth Rate = (ROA*b)/(1-ROA*b) Where, ROA = Return on Assets = Net Income/Total Assets b = Retention Ratio = (Addition to Retained Earnings/Net Income) Thus for S&S Air, ROA = 1,845,242/17,379,480 = 10.62% = 0.1062 b = (1,285,242/1,845,242) = 69.65% = 0.6965 (appro x) Hence, the Internal Growth Rate for S&S Air is given by: Internal Growth Rate = (0.1062*0.6965)/(1-0.1062*0.6965) = 7.99 % This implies that S&S Air would be able to expand its business and grow at a rate of 7.99% per year without the need of any external financing. Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) This growth rate gives a measure about the growth of a company utilizing its internal financial sources (Jones 383). It is given by the formula: Sustainable Growth Rate = (ROE * b)/(1-ROE*b) Where, ROE = Return on Equity = Net Income/Total Equity b = Retention Ratio Thus for S&S Air, ROE = 1845242/9556430 = 19.31% = 0.1931 b = 69.65% = 0.6965 Hence, the Sustainable Growth Rate for S & S Air is given by: Sustainable Growth Rate = (0.1931*0.6965) * (1 - (0.1931*0.6965)) = 15.54% This implies that S&S Air would be able to expand and grow at a rate of 15.54% per year without the need of any equity financing externally. Question 2: S&S Air is planning for a growth rate of 12 percent next year. Calculate the EFN for the company assuming the company is operating at full capacity. Can the company's sales increase at this growth rate? Answer: External Financing Needed (EFN) A company requires financing from external sources if it is unable to generate adequate cash flows required to fulfill its present financial obligations (Moles, Parrino, and Kidwell 756). The EFN for S&S Air is calculated using the pro forma statements which utilizes the approach related to percentage of

The Athenian Judgment in Melos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Athenian Judgment in Melos - Essay Example Melos was, however, actually under the Spartan power and this was the fact that irritated the Athenians. Soon they arrived at this small island with their power to force the Melian leader to come under their rule. Looking at the huge Athenian force that had arrived at the place it was natural for the Melians to be afraid of the situation. The Melian leaders were afraid of a different issue. Athenians were the most skillful orators and they could perform very well to move the sentiment of common people. Now, Melos had stayed as a free state for more than seven hundred remaining neutrals from all the warfare that took place earlier. It was really a matter of extreme shame for them to let freedom go out of their hand despite any of their own faults. So as a consequence, the Melian heroes and commissioners decided to meet the envoys privately. The statement, which was given from the part of the Melians, was if they would surrender to the Athenians, the latter will never lay their hands o n the Melians’ properties and freedom. We get a beautiful account of this dialogue in the work of Thucydides’ history. Athenians had the mentality that was too hard to melt. They clearly said in reply to the proposal of the Melians that they were here for the wrong treatment, which Melians had done to them being a part of the Spartan Empire. Moreover, they added that giving a long speech about the Melian freedom was useless, as they had to suffer for their own deed. Melians on the other side were also expert at law and they clearly showed what law had to say.

Planning an Educational Program Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Planning an Educational Program - Article Example The early educational practitioners realized the significant differences between adult education and the education of younger people. Consequently, adult educations programs were theoretically scrutinized and redesigned to meet the needs of the adult population. Currently, most of the educational programs that are targeting adults are increasingly being planned to ensure quality education for this particular social group (Merriam and Caffarella, 1999, p.47). The history of the contemporary adult educational program models dates back to the periods when the Veteran administration public schools were formed in the 1930s during the great depression. Throughout the 20th century, adult educational programs continued to develop along various disciplinary lines and, therefore, affected the larger organizations (Knowles, 1980, p.70). Some of the notable disciplines that contributed to the growth of these programs included psychology, philosophy, and sociology. For example, the early philosophers attempted to synchronize the theories of adult learning with the learning models through experimental learning. One of the most significant practitioners who championed the use of learning philosophy as a basis of adult learning programs was John Dewey. Dewey particularly pioneered the sub-field of reflective learning which eventually brought a number of new experiences to adult educational theories and perspectives. According to Dewey (1963), â€Å"lea rning is a lifelong process and individuals continue to learn new things and grow throughout their life times† (p.19). This view, however, contradicted the previous view that both growth and learning processes are finite and diminish once an individual has reached adulthood. Dewey also proposed that learning can only take place best within an institutional setting which does not obstruct any experience, and, therefore, learning environments should be designed to create new experiences and develop personality of the learners. The current workshop model of adult education programs is largely built on Dewey’s ideas. The modern models of adult educational programs have also been significantly shaped by developmental psychology, particularly through the use of social psychological theories of adult learning and development. According to these theories, adults are psychologically different from the normal young college students who are often in their adolescence ages. Consequ ently, the adult educational program models should demand a relatively different learning structure. For example, the theory of psychological development suggests that personality development occurs throughout the life span of an individual. As a person grows and matures, there is often a desire for new meanings which naturally is absent in childhood. On the other hand, Havinghurst (1971, p17) believed that the learning processes of adults are largely shaped by their subconscious social developmental tasks such as their need to find a mate, quest of how to live with a partner, how to develop their career goals, and how to establish their civic responsibilities. According to this perspective, adults can only learn best when they use learning programs that motivate and allow them to learn new behaviors that will enable them to achieve these task demands. Similarly, other moral development model of adult education programs were developed on the basis of the demands of cognitive develop ment in adults.

The trend today among youths Essay Example for Free

The trend today among youths Essay Question 2: The trend today among youths is to own the latest technological gadgets such as mobile phones and other devices. Is this a healthy development among young people? Give your opinion. You should write at least 350 words. In this modern world of ours, technological devices such as mobile phones and other gadgets are no longer foreign to us. Most of the young people today are treating these luxuries as a necessity as they compete to own the latest devices, leading to the adults’ questioning whether this is a healthy or an unhealthy development for youths today. In my own humble opinion, this issue will be a never-ending argument because it solely depends on the user itself to determine their purpose of using these devices. Thus in this essay, this issue can be discussed in terms of both healthy and unhealthy development and some recommendations. Firstly, with these newest devices, young people can access information wherever there are with just a touch of their fingers. This can help to expand their knowledge about the current issues of our world which will be a key role to take their mind to a higher level. They can also use these facilities to help them in their studies. All of these can help our country to produce more intellectual people which indeed is a healthy development by contributing to a more productive nation. In the old days, we had to do a lot of work and research in order to finish our school assignment, which is time consuming and tiring. Now we can obtain any information we need for our assignment without having the need to go to the library anymore. This can help the students to save more time for them to do other things. Furthermore, students can also increase their efficiency of work. The government also supports this by launching the ‘Wireless Village’ programme so that both rural and urban people can access the internet without having to subcribe to any internet packages. Overall, students can perform better and become more productive in their work, so this is certainly a healthy development. Moreover, young people that chase after these latest technological devices can help to strengthen the country’s commerce through the constant supply and demand of gadgets. This can help the government to focus more on developing this technology or subsidising companies in this industry as it can guarantee good profits. Besides, in line with the previous years’ budgets, the government is giving out ‘smart phone rebates’ to citizens above the age of 21. All of this can help to improve our economic level and lead to a more developed country, therefore another sign that it is a healthy development. On the other hand, this trend to own the latest technology devices could lead to a waste of money. Even though these devices are useful to us, but the fact is that most young people are chasing the latest devices regardless of cost. Mind the word ‘latest’ as they only want the latest edition that is being released in the market almost once per year for different brands such as Samsung and Sony. In order to keep up with the trend, these young people are willing to waste their money or more accurately their parents’ hard-earned money. Instead, they could use the money for better purposes like buying books or stationery. Furthermore, as time goes by, they might eventually become ungrateful for what they already have and keep nagging for new gadgets. This is unhealthy as it breeds materialism. In addition, if one did not have proper discipline within oneself while using these devices, one will easily become a victim to various addictions such as social networking and games. This can cause the young users to become distracted and greatly decrease their work efficiency. As for students, their performance at school might become affected. To add to the matter, young people can easily access inappropriate content such as porn and violent materials at a young age, unsupervised. All of this can retard their mind’s growth and become influenced by negative things. In the end, these devices become a bane to them instead of a boon to the development of society. Hence, for us to fully utilise the advantages of technology, I humble share some of my recommendations. Firstly, parents play a big role as they  spend the most time with their children thus they should watch strictly over their children’s usage of these devices per day by limiting it. Next, the government can work on preventing or blocking many harmful websites in our country so that young people have no access to it. In conclusion, I believe that in the end, it depends on the user itself whether to abuse or to use the devices to their disadvantage or advantage. We can draw an analogy from guns – used by the police it enforces the law; by a criminal it abets the crime. It would be illogical to put the gun in jail instead of the person who pulls the trigger. Similarly, it is we ourselves that click the mouse or swipe the screen of our gadget so we must use it responsibly to contribute towards a happier and healthier development in society today.

Examining The Philosophers Mahatma Gandhi And Socrates Religion Essay

Examining The Philosophers Mahatma Gandhi And Socrates Religion Essay As philosophers Mahatma Gandhi and Socrates have approached a moral life differently because of different perceptions held by each. Socrates was one of the great Athenian philosophers. In childhood he worked as a sculptor because he did not belong to a rich family. He is described as an ugly, poor, and unwashed man who was more concerned with moral purity than external appearance. Some of the characteristics of Socrates include ignorance, and thoughtful. Socrates was one of the influential thinkers in the fifth century whose enthusiasm to careful reasoning changed the entire enterprise. Socrates in his forties, tried to answer some of the difficult questions about the world around him. Some of the questions he asked such as what is virtue? What is justice? and what is truth? Socrates looked at these questions with a different perspective compared to other people. Socrates believed in civil obedience. On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi believed in civil disobedience. Mahatma Karamchand Gandhi was from a small state in western India Porbandar, also known as Sudamapuri. Due to the sacrifices Gandhi made for Indians the people in India called him Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma means great soul and Gandhi means grocer. Grocer was Gandhis family occupation in the early days. Gandhi belonged to the religion Hinduism. Some of the characteristics of Mahatma Gandhi include patience, tolerance, and honesty. He was a shy person and never talked to anybody in his school. He was an honest person, as exemplified by a school incident. One day, the educator inspector came to his school to inspect the students education. He gave some spelling words to write down on paper. Since Gandhi misspelled the word the instructor asked him to copy the right answer from someone else. However, Gandhi did not like to copy. He never did copying in his life; these incidents represented his honest and truthful nature. Socrates and Mahatma Gandhi not only differed in personal characteristics but they als o have a different perspective in trying to answer difficult question about the world around them. For instance, in order to gain rights Socrates follows civil obedience and in contrast Mahatma Gandhi follows Civil disobedience. In comparison to Mahatma Gandhi Socrates tried to answer the difficult questions about the world in different ways. Socrates questioned people about the world around them and on the other hand Gandhi made some philosophical quotes in order to help Indian people gain their rights in India. For instance, Socrates has a foundational place in the history of ideas in spite of not having written anything. He is considered one of the philosophers who have altered how the philosophy itself is envisaged. Socrates did not write anything because he believed that knowledge is something which is living and a thing that can be shared by interacting with people. The method of Socratic philosophical inquiry consisted in questioning people and proving to them that their original assertion is wrong and making them work through questions into a contradiction on the positions they have asserted. Plato was the student of Socrates who has written the book The Apology of Socrates. In Greek the title is cal led Apologia Socratous. It is the oldest existent document of Greek Philosophy. With the title, many readers refer to it as an apology however the title is ambiguous because in Greek apologia means defense. Socrates simply defends the way he lived his life but does not apologize for anything he has done during his lifetime. In the text The Apology of Socrates the Socrates says First, then, its right for me to make my defense, Athenians, against the first of the false accusations made against me and against my first accusers, and then against the later ones and the later accusers. Many have accused me before you, and have done so for a long time now, though they didnt say anything thats true (43b). In 399 BC Socrates was charged of refusing to recognize the gods which was recognized by the state and for corrupting the young Athenians. In other words, people believed that Socrates was trying to corrupt young Athenians about god. He was stood before a jury which consisted of five hundred people of his fellow Athenians. In the text, he is defending himself in front of 500 Athenians saying that many people have accused me, but no one said anything which was true. With the Socratic Method he offended many great powerful Athenians. Since he created a lot of powerful enemies they brought him to trial thinking that they could make him beg for mercy. It did not work out but instead Socrates ended up insulting the jury by elucidating how ignorant they are, Socrates was mean, ugly, and outspoken but like Mahatma Gandhi he always wanted to be truthful. Socrates looked at the things in the world differently compared to other people. In the trial for the life of Socrates he astounded the listeners by being found guilty and destined to death in spite of his energetic defense. In the text The Apology of Socrates the Socrates says And so, members of the jury, you should be optimistic about death and think about this one truth, that no harm comes to a good man in life or in death, and his problems are not neglected by the gods (65d). Since Socrates held different perceptions about the world. He says that nothing can harm a good man neither in life and death. After hearing both sides the jury asked the members to vote on the guilt of Socrates. Since a lot of people voted for him that he was guilty he was sentenced to death. Socrates was given a chance to determine his penalty but Socrates wanted to be punished for his actions. Therefore, the jury sentenced him to death. According to Athenian law, they prescribed him to drink a cup of hemlock. Hemlock is like poison. While dying he believed that dying now and escaping from the problems was good for him. On the other hand, Gandhi was not like Socrates. He was calm, thoughtful, and observant. After finishing his studies, he returned to India for a short period of time. Again he went to South Africa because he was unable to obtain a job in India. At first, he traveled in the train, because he was not prepared for the racial intolerance. Since his color was black he was thrown out of the train. An incident in the train shaped his actions for years. During that period of time British controlled South Africa. He was abused, and all Indians suffered similar treatment. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for twenty one years to fight for his civil rights and won many concessions for his fellow Indians. He believed that if they can gain rights with nonviolence then why be violent and harm others and ourselves. In order to fight for truth and gain rights he gave rise to Satyagraha. Satyagraha is divided into two words which Satya and agraha. Satya means truth and agraha means to follow the principl es of truth. Satyagraha was a tool used for nonviolence and civil rebelliousness which is the appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals. In the text Mahatma Gandhi- Selected Political Writings the Gandhi says Satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction. A Satyagrahi never resorts to firearms. In the use of Satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called Satyagraha (52). According to Mahatma Gandhi a person who is Satyagrahi does not harm the opponent with violence. Since Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence he gave rise to satyagraha and ahimsa. In the book Mahatma Gandhi-Selected Political Writings Mahatma Gandhi also says Our shastras seems to teach that a man who really practices ahimsa in its fullness has the world at his feet, he so affects his surroundings that even the snakes and other venomous reptiles do him no harm (40). The word Ahimsa symbolizes non-violence. In the soul of every human being there are many things that we have to fight against such as fear, ignorance, anxieties, and stress. But according to Gandhi the outer fight should be avoided. In the Bhagavad-Gita the holy book which belong to the religion of Hinduism. Lord Krishna asked Arjuna to fight in order to deracinate ignorance. However, fighting is necessary only on some occasions when it is the explicit will of god. According to the text any person who practices ahimsa w ith truthfulness nothing can harm them not even harmful creatures such as snakes and reptiles. If a person is a follower of ahimsa then the person should love their enemy. Ahimsa is non-violence but also includes truth and courage. During the lifetime of Socrates he questioned people about the world around them and died because of his ignorant behavior. Socrates chose death because he did not wanted to break the law of the city and also held a belief that since he was a good man nothing can harm him. On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi fought for the rights of Indian people without spreading violence and practicing Satyagraha and Ahimsa. He did not die of ignorance instead he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse. He killed Gandhi because according to him Gandhi was betraying India by negotiations with Pakistan to stop the war which was going on. He was the great soul that will live among Indians. Both Socrates and Mahatma Gandhi not only differed in personal characteristics but also they have a different perspective in trying to answer difficult question about the world around them. Socrates was ignorant but he always believed in truthfulness as Mahatma Gandhi. Both philosophers approached a different moral life. Gandhi died for the people and Socrates died because he wanted to without breaking the law of the city.

The Examples Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay

The Examples Of Operating Systems Computer Science Essay Today, people rely on so many kinds of technology. For instance, people use computers for research, school related, pleasure, and to communicate with their friends. People use other technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, etc for their own needs. Basically, our world is evolving around technology; without it, then the citizens will go insane thus their lives would be difficult. The main topic discussed would be operating systems. People like to use computers, but the thing is some do not know what is behind it; how do operating systems evolve and help individuals see something spectacular rather than something blank and dull. Operating system is a software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management of various activities of the computer and the sharing of computer resources. It hosts the several applications that run on a computer and handles the operations of computer hardware (Oak). Operating system handles and deals with the output devices (a monitor), input devices (keyboard and mouse), and peripheral devices (a printer). Basically, it makes sure that the operating system identifies the input devices, displays the output devices, and controls the peripheral devices. In larger systems, operating system checks to see different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other (Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions.). In addition, it makes sure that unauthorized users do not access the system (Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions.). Operating system acts li ke a security guard for the larger systems. Examples of operating systems are Disk Operating System (DOS), Windows, MacOS, and UNIX. Different types of operating system are as follow: Embedded system, Real-time Operating System, Multi-user Operating Systems, Multi-tasking Operating Systems, and Distributed Operating Systems. Embedded systems are mostly for personal digital assistant (PDA) like mobile devices; they are compact and efficient. A couple examples of embedded operating systems are Minix 3 and Windows CE. Real-time Operating System likes to multitask and use algorithms, and they have a quick and immediate respond to inputs. Multi-user Operating Systems allows more than one user to access the computer and runs various programs. Multi-tasking Operating Systems are when various programs run at one time. Windows 95 is an example of this operating system. Distributed Operating System manages a group of computers and makes them emerge into one computer. Those are the different types of operating systems (Oak). History of Operating Systems Throughout history, mainframe operating systems evolve and led to so many different kinds of operating system such as UNIX, Window, and MacOs. Without this, then different kinds of operating system will not be created, and many people today will have difficulties obtaining the information they need. In order to begin this, mainframe operating system started around the 1950s right before desktop computers and laptops were created. As computer programs became difficult to use, and the hardware of the computer became less expensive, computer engineers tried to figure out ways for the computer to adapt to the same and various types of programs. Based on that, they created the mainframe operating system. Mainframe operating system process large amounts of information and support a great number of users (WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions.). This powerful device was used before and currently today by businesses, corporations, and governments because they needed a machine that could handle large databases for use or storage, large bandwidth, and reliability. When mainframe operating system was first created, they did not have any input devices (keyboard, nor mouse). Their input was through cards with holes punched into them; the holes being poke were the sign of data being entered. After that, the operating system read the cards and then transfers them into binary (1s0s), so it could be understood by compu ters. The most popular mainframe operating system was the OS/360. It was created at the end of 1965 by International Business Machines (IBM); its goal was to compute various lines of hardware. IBM wants to merge these separate lines into one product and developed a new way of thinking about the commonalities amongst processes they were previously thought to irreconcilable (Lunny). Examples of mainframe operating systems were: z/OS, z/VM, z/VSE, Linux for System z, z/TPF. z/OS was designed to offer security, constant, and availability for applications running on the mainframe. z/OS gets work done by dividing it into pieces and giving portions of the job to various system components and subsystems that function interdependently (IBM). z/VM (Virtual Machine) runs different operating systems such z/OS, z/VSE, Linux for System, z/TPF in the virtual machines. Basically z/VM could run combination of guest systems. z/VSE (Virtual Storage Extend), known as DOS, ran routine production workloads consisting of multiple batch jobs and extensive, traditional transaction processing (IBM). Link for System z used ASCII characters and traditional count key data, and z/TPF (Transaction Processing Facility) was used by airline reservation systems and credit card companies for high transaction volume. Those were examples of mainframe operating systems (IBM). Examples of Operating System: UNIX Based on the mainframe operating systems, it led to many different types of operating systems. One example of an operating system would be UNIX. UNIX was created by one of the Bell Labs member, Kenneth Thompson in 1969. This was intended for programmers to access the computer at the same time and share its resources (Alcatel Lucent). UNIX controls the commands from the keyboard, and the data being generated. Also, it permits each user to believe he or she is the only person working on the computer (Alcatel Lucent). This operating system became so powerful that industries, governments, businesses, and so forth wanted this operating system. This idea became popular in the programming and scientific communities. Based on this superior operating system, its features were: Multitasking capability, multiuser capability, portability, UNIX programs, and Library of application software. One of the features, multitasking, allows a computer to do several things. For instance, this operating system allows a person to create a document while the other run spell check, and the other one editing a document. Another feature, multiuser, allows users to access the same document by compartmentalizing the document so that the changes of one user dont override the changes of another user (Alcatel Lucent). Portability is another feature that moves a brand of computer to another with a code of changes. This helps the operating system to be upgraded without the customer inputting the data. Library of application is another feature that can be purchased from third-party vendors, so they can use it (Alcatel Lucent). UNIX comes from several programs (at least 100 and more); they can be divided into two classes. The two classes are integral utilities and tools; Integral utilities are necessary for the operation of the computer, such as the command interpreter (Alcatel Lucent). Another class is the tools; it provides the person with additional capabilities, such as typesetting capabilities and e-mail (Alcatel Lucent). Basically, tools could be removed or added whether if the applications are required or not. That is the final feature of the Unix Program. UNIX communication came a long way before the development of the World Wide Web. It first allowed people to communicate with each by email at the same terminals. Then users at different machines were connected, so they could communicate too. As a result, they link around the world into the World Wide Web, so it made it easier for other users to communicate. The UNIX is organized at three levels; they are the kernel, the shell, and the tools and applications. The kernel, schedules tasks and manages storage (Alcatel Lucent) and are controlled by programmers command. Meaning they can tell the system to shut off or on. In the kernel level, it tells the computer to read the files, and then display the files on the screen. The shell connects and interprets users commands, calls programs from memory, and executes them (Alcatel Lucent) allowing the output of a program to become the input of another program. The tools and application offer additional functionality to the operating system (Alcatel Lucent). That is how UNIX is organized at those three levels. Example of Operating System: Windows Another example of an operating system is Microsoft Windows. Windows came a long way, and the features that people see today were not like that in the past. In 1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates saw an article regarding about the MITS Altair 8800 (a microcomputer). They had a better idea and decided it was their time to do something about it. Based on that, they developed and formed Microsoft Corporation in 1975. On November 20, 1985, Microsoft launched Windows 1.0. This was the first display screen where you could use your mouse, type, and see the screen. According to Bill Gates, he said, It is unique software designed for the serious PC user (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). They also have icons, scroll bars, drop-down menus for people to understand, learn, and be able to use it. Some of the programs included are Notepad, Paint, MS-DOS file management, clock, etc; also they have a game called Reversi (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released on December 9, 1987; this includes expanded memory and provided desktop icons. Having the graphics to be better improved, you could overlap windows, control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Also, the taskbar was removed; the utilities and the program are still the same. Intel 286 was designed for Window 2.0. Overall, Windows continue to develop better speeds, usability, and reliability of the PC. In addition of this creation, Control Panel was born (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). During 1990 to 1994, Microsoft launched two more operating systems; they were Windows 3.0 and Windows NT. Window 3.0 was released on May 22, 1990 followed by Windows 3.1 in 1992. Windows 3.0 had better performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors, and improved icons (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In addition, with the Intel 386, the programs ran a little bit faster. Print Manager, Program Manager, and File Manager started to appear in Windows 3.0; with this operating system rapidly growing, it released software development kit (SDK). This helped software developers focus on writing programs rather than writing device drivers. Games such as Hearts, Solitaire, and Minesweeper came along too. Another operating system that launched in 1990 to 1994 was Windows NT; it was released on July 27, 1993. This however, provided a 32-bit operating system generally for business platform, and Windows NT represents a fundamental change in the way that companies can address their business computi ng requirements (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). On August 24, 1995, Microsoft launched Windows 95. It sold about seven million copies by the end of the fifth week. With this creation, it led to the start menu, close, maximize, and minimize, and taskbar in Windows 95. This helped included Plug and Play capabilities that made it easy to install hardware and software (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Based on this, Internet Explorer (the first version) was created; this was basically the new online world and people could email each other (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In 1998 to 2000, Microsoft released Windows 98, Windows 2000, and Windows Me. Windows 98 was released on June 25, 1998; this operating system was described as an operating system that works better, play betters (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). You could find information much easier on your pc, and you could open or close programs much quicker. Another benefit was, you could read DVD discs, and have universal serial bus (USB) devices. One feature that came into appearance was the quick launch bar; this made it easier to run programs without browsing at your desktop, or the start menu. Windows 2000 came along during February 2000; this improved reliability, ease of use, Internet compatibility, and support for mobile computing (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Also, it provided variety of new plug and play hardware, wireless products, USB devices, etc. Windows Me was released on September 2000; this provided video, music, and home networking entertainment for home users. Based on thi s, System Restore was appeared for the first time. This makes your PC go back in time if you accidently install a program that affects your computer (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). On October 25, 2001, Window XP was released with better features, usability, and security, reliability, and performance. This help cooperate the use and emphasis of Help and Support; it is when you need help on one particular program. This operating system helped citizens understand viruses and mistrustful attachments that could damage your computer. Windows Media player became better in style, and the way it looks. In addition, it led to wireless connectivity, Windows Messenger, Remote Assistance, and 64-bit Edition (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). In 2006, Windows Vista was released; this provides the best security system you get, so you dont have to buy too much protection on your computer. You could buy a simple security system, and you would be fine. One feature was the Window Media Center; that was for entertainment. If you have TV Tuner, you could watch, pause, and record live TV. Another feature was the taskbar; they remade the Taskbar to look better and different from previous operating systems. Lastly, the network section became user friendly, so people could easily connect to any network that was unprotected, or their network. On October, 2009 Microsoft released Window 7; this feature was similar to Window Vista, yet it has more advantages. The main feature that Window 7 has is the Touch feature. This feature enabled you to touch the screen like the web browser and so forth if you have a touch screen computer. By 2010 during the fall, Windows 7 is selling seven copies a second-the fastest selling operating system in history (Windows Home Microsoft Windows). Examples of Operating System: MacOS MacOS is another example of Operating System. It is part of Apple and was created by Steve Jobs. The first version of MacOs was released in 1984; it was user friendly because you did not need to use the right click button on the mouse. Also, it did not have command line interface. After that, it released System 3.0, which could not tell the difference between lowercase and uppercase letters to System 5.0, which ran multiple programs at the same time. Four years later in 1988, System 6.0 came along; this could organize hard disks up to two GBs (gigabyte). This had multitasking capability and it provided word processes programs like WriteNow, MacWrite II, and Microsoft Word 4.0 (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). In May 1991, System 7 was released, and virtual memory was allowed to be used. This also helped display colors and incorporated a help section (the balloon), so the user did not have trouble using the interface. Based on this, System 7.5 appeared in 1994 with slightly better features. Some of the feature and benefits were bug fixes and storage drives could store use up to four GBs. In early 1997, they changed the name from System to MacOS 7.6. Performance improved a lot in the memory management and virtual memory. QuickTime Version 2.5, a pure image quality, was featured in this operating system. MacOS 8 was released on July 1997 and MacOS 9 on October 23, 1999. This lead to three different versions; they were: MacOS 8.1, MacOS 8.5, and MacOS 8.6 versions. In MacOS 8.1, information could be stored efficiently, and the system could handle up to two billion files! In MacOS 8.5, the speed became much better and the graphic display was fast by QuickDraw routines. Also, copying files speed was much faster than before. In 8.5, you had these kinds of applications: Finder 8.5 QuickTime Pro 3, Open Transport 2, Internet Explorer 4.01, Outlook Express 4.01, Netscape Navigator 4.0.5, Mac OS Runtime for Java 2.0 and File Exchange 3 (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). In MacOS 8.6, it improved the performance and supported the PowerPC G4 processor giving it the ability to multitask with the new features. In MacOS 9, they had 50 additional features, and This includes support for multiple users with password and access management for files and settings (Op erating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Your login could be use by voice, and the files could be encrypted for security. The final Operating System for Mac so far, but has different versions was MacOS X. The first version, 10.0 was released on March 2001; this help made the display look better and not as dull as before. Their icons were place in a docket at the bottom of the screen. Then, version MacOS X 10.1 was released; with this, The surface reacts quicker at user interaction, the system start was accelerated and the OpenGL performance increased noticeable (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Mac OS X 10.3 began to have Graphic User Interface in metallic scheme and the finder (optimized). Mac OS X 10.4 had 200 features including Safari 2.0 (web browser). MacOS X 10.5 offered the user an enhanced user interface with virtual desktops, a fast file preview and Dock with 3D effect (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). MacOS X 10.6 (currently used today) improved performance, speed, and stability. It could support up to 16 TByte memory, i t is optimized for multi core processors, and is a pure 64-bit operating system. With the technology OpenCL graphics processor can speed up in specific applications calculations (Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots)). Which Operating System do People use (Jobs, etc.)? Which one is recommended for you? Those are the examples of the operating system, so which operating system would companies, businesses, and governments, individuals, or schools would use. Companies, businesses, and governments like to use Microsoft Windows especially Windows XP because they used it for over five years. Also, they did want not upgrade to Vista because the security features it had would slow down the computer. Overall, they like to use Windows XP because they are simple and easy to use. Also, some companies, businesses, and governments would use UNIX if you a programmer or a computer scientist. For school, they like to stay up-to-date, so they would used Windows 7. For individuals, it is up to them what they want to use. If you are the kind of person who likes to play games, watch movies, and TV then you should consider Microsoft Windows. If you are a creative person meaning like to edit music, film, and design fields, then you should consider the MacOS. Overall, many people in the world uses differen t kinds of Operating System. Future of Operating System The future of Operating system would be quite interesting because since many people rely on technology, how would the future be like? One blog that was interesting was by Rafe Blandford. One fascinating thing he said that Social networking could possibility break out and become its own operating system. Operating systems will become more social as they marry context awareness, the Internet and your social connections. The information broadcast and received by your mobile device will be critical in connecting people in new and more immediate new ways (Blandford). The thing is we do not how the future is going to be, so you never know what it is going to be in the future (Blandford). Conclusion In conclusion, operating system is the one that lead to many different kinds of Operating System today such as UNIX, Microsoft Windows, and MacOs. Without it, then people have difficulties doing their errands. The main credit for doing all these is the mainframe operating system. Basically just one simple thing can lead to multiple things. UNIX is designed for Programmers and the screen is blank. Programmers have to input coding, so they could see the end result (the output). Microsoft Windows started from Windows 1.0 and eventually leading to Window 7 (Current as of now), and MacOS started from Systems 1.0 and working its way up to MacOs X 10.6 (Current as of now). The main idea is to show people that without operating systems, our life would not be the same and will be miserable. This is what helps make our life easier and not complicated. Work Cited Sources Blandford, Rafe. The future of the operating system. Nokia Conversation: The Official Nokia Blog. N.p., Apr 2010. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Lunny, Casey. Operating Systems. N.p., 2003. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Oak, Manali. Different Types of Operating Systems. Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . A History of Windows Microsoft Windows. Windows Home Microsoft Windows. Microsoft Corporation, 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Examples of Operating Systems. Calvin College Minds In The Making. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . History of Operating Systems. History of Computer, Computer History Tracing the History of the Computer. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . Mac OS Operating System. Operating System Reviews (History, Facts, Versions and Screenshots). N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . The Creation of the UNIX Operating System: An Overview of the UNIX* Operating System.. Alcatel Lucent. Lucent Technologies, 2002. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . The History and Future of Microsoft Operating Systems: Windows ME. The Professional Resume of Joseph J. Hodsdon. 13 May 2008. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. . What Is a Mainframe Operating System?. WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar 2011. What is operating system? A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary. Webopedia: Online Computer Dictionary for Computer and Internet Terms and Definitions. . N.p., 2011. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . Which is Right for You? PC vs Mac. AOL. AOL Inc, 06 Aug 2009. Web. 9 Mar 2011. . z/OS basic skills information center. IBM. IBM Corporation, 2008. Web. 9 Mar 2011. .

Seizures and the Sight of God :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Seizures and the Sight of God Researchers interested in the connection of the brain and religion have examined the experiences of people suffering from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Apparently the increased electrical activity in the brain resulting from seizure activity (abnormal electrical activity within localized portions of the brain), makes sufferers more susceptible to having religious experiences including visions of supernatural beings and near death experiences (NDEs) (9). Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) sufferers also may become increasingly obsessed with religion, the study and practice of it (1). Why is it that this form of epilepsy results in religious experiences among the other supernatural experiences possible? Can people who have never studied or practiced religion be susceptible to these same religious experiences? Why do some interested researchers claim that such notable figures as Paul on the road to Damascus, Joan of Arc, Ellen White of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church and other persons suffered fro m TLE because of their range of reported experiences with God, angels, and demons (1,3)? In my first paper, I highlighted the connection scientists have made between religious experience and the brain. In this paper, I intend to focus on Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, as one of those connections, specifically the symptom of hyperreligiousity. In 1997 Vilayanur Ramachandran and his colleagues from the University of California at San Diego headed a research study. The team studied patients of temporal lobe epilepsy measuring galvanic skin response on the left hands of the patients (11). This measurement allowed the research team to monitor arousal (specific autonomic nervous system response) and indirectly surmise the communication between the inferior temporal lobe and the amygdala, both important in response related to fear and arousal (9). In addition to two control groups a religious control group and a non-religious control group, each group was shown forty words, including violent words, sexual words, and simple words (like "wheel"), and finally, religious-related words. The results of the study showed a greater arousal in the temporal lobe epilepsy sufferers to religious words in comparison to the non-religious, whom were aroused by sexual words, and religious control groups, whom were aroused by religious and sexual words (10). Ramachandran and his team concluded that although the patients were not experiencing seizures or experiencing supernatural occurrences at the time of testing, they were highly sensitive to religious words. Thus, the experiences of temporal lobe seizures strengthened the patients interest in religion (11).

Grendel :: essays research papers

Authors often have to choose between concentrating on either plot or social commentary when writing their novels; in John Gardener's Grendel, any notion of a plot is forgone in order for him to share his thoughts about late sixties-early seventies America and the world's institutions as a whole. While Grendel's exploits are nearly indecipherable and yawn inducing, they do provide the reader with the strong opinions the author carries. This existentialistic novel can be seen clearly as a narrative supporting nihilism in its many forms. Most easily, the reader will be able to see the blatant religious subtext in the guise of corrupt priests and the foolish faithful. There is also some negativity placed on the notion of the old being the wise. Gardener deems hero idolization unacceptable as well; knowledge that the Vietnam War was prevalent at the time gives additional insight into his complaints. Religion plays a large role in Grendel. Priests do not want to perform their services without the proper payment which, in turn, causes the rich to be able to become the most 'religious.' The citizens of the village are also confusingly poly- and monotheistic. When praying to their king god does not decrease the frequency of Grendel's visits, they retreat to begging any god of which they have known for help. This reveals their faith to be not faith at all but rather faith that will remain faith as long as it can be proven. A proven religious faith is contradictory term, for it can only be placed in a religion that cannot be proven lest it is true faith no longer. Grendel's interludes with the dragon portray, at their onsets, the dragon as a worldly, wise creature with much to share. The dragon haughtily informs Grendel about his vast store of knowledge as he teases him with how much he knows. As Grendel's interests are piqued, the dragon expends the cumulative result of his travails: "Know how much you've got, and beware of strangers†¦My advice to you, my violent friend, is to seek out gold and sit on it." Although the dragon serves as a vessel to point out the necessity of Grendel and makes some pointed observations about mankind, all his respectability is lost with those two short sentences. The author is making an observation about materialism and the falsehood of wisdom always accompanying age. After all his years of intense scrutiny, the dragon can only grasp from human- and animalkind alike that possessions are the key to life's existence. Nature against society is also discussed in Grendel. The fact that citizens surrounded with religion and social status could be so easily overtaken by nature (Grendel) gives a sense of

Gulliver’s Travels Essay

Ten days after returning from his previous voyage, Gulliver is confronted by Captain William Robinson to work as his journey to the West Indies. The doubled salary is cause enough for Gulliver to accept the invitation and sets sail two month after the invitation. Upon arriving in Tonquin, Gulliver is appointed Captain of a sloop (a small sailboat with one mast and two sails) and ordered to transport goods; he is shortly captured by pirates. He earns his crews freedom but his attitude lands him on a small boat with limited food. He soon finds a few isles and decides to stay in the cave of a seemingly barren island—except for a few shrub patches. After some keen observation, Gulliver notices something strange obstructing the sunlight and deduces it must be a floating island. He tries to be noticed but the inhabitants seem to give little regard for his shouting. Eventually, the floating mass draws near and from it, descends a seat that Gulliver is instructed to mount. He is then drawn up into the Island. Gulliver is welcome by many people, whom he noticed to be very strange. Their eyes look in different directions and their heads do not sit level upon their heads. In addition, he takes note of their attires, which are covered with â€Å"celestial bodies and musical instruments. † People also have a servant who follows them and carries a â€Å"flapper. † This is essentially a mace, but with a soft sac on the end. The servant’s use it to slap their masters’ mouth or ear with the intent of alerting them that it is their turn to speak or listen while in conversation. After meeting with the King, Gulliver is appointed a language tutor. Shortly after his first lesson, Gulliver notices the island to move over villages, during which, subjects collect monies from the people below. In addition, he learns that the people value mathematics and music above all. (Because of this, their language is primarily based on the sciences stated previously. ) Their skill sets are limited to these two disciplines, as well as astrology. There are also in constant fear of an apocalyptic demise, resulting from an ever incumbent meteor. After a months stay, Gulliver is learned enough to speak to the King. Gulliver is now informed by the Prince, (one of the few free thinking individuals) of the dimensions and working of the Island. He is most intrigued by the motion of the Island and how it manages to stay afloat. It is explained to him that the most experienced astronomers figured that by mounting and manipulating a great magnet in the center of their island, they are able to float and move in any direction at will. However, the island is only able to move over a specific area on earth because of the specific magnetic forces required to maintain their desired altitude. Gulliver also learns how the Island is able to rule over the inhabitants of the land below. This is done mainly through varying degrees of punishments. Essentially, Laputa uses its size and position to, block out the sun, bombard the villagers, or, simply crush the village by means of ‘dropping’ the island. Gulliver then learns of a rebellious village, with capabilities to ‘capture’ the island and kill the King. In order to maintain peace and save himself, the King has granted freedom to these people. From that instance, the King and his family are restricted from leaving the Isle. Gulliver’s boredom leads him to want to leave the Island. He approaches a lord who seems to be genuinely intelligent and curious. (An oddity on Laputa) The lord lacks musical talent and is therefore regarded as unintelligent by the inhabitants. With the help of this lord, Gulliver proceeds in petitioning the King to leave Laputa. The King accepts and proceeds in leaving Gulliver with a friend of Laputa in a place called Balnibarbi. The man whom he is left with goes by the Lord Munodi. He is of high rank and possesses great wealth. The Lord proceeds to take Gulliver around the city of Lagado. It is of great surprise to Gulliver that the city is in shambles, the people are poorly dressed, and the ground is barren. They then proceed to the lord’s estate and it is evident of the stark contrast between the city and the estate. It is well built, well managed, and has fertile vineyards, as well as cornfields, fountains and meadows. The villagers do not have high esteem for this estate and do not strive to exemplify it—rather the opposite. Gulliver is then informed that, after a visit to Laputa by some if the city’s inhabitants, they decided to construct the Academy of Laguda. The sole purpose of this Academy is to develop new agricultural and architectural techniques. The new techniques are very flawed and extremely outlandish and have left the city in its current in its current state. The techniques are supported by so many mindless individual that they allowed for the destruction of the mill. Gulliver is very curious to the details of the projects that the Academy is working, so much so, that he decides to visit. Gulliver is allowed to visit the Academy. He takes careful note of the ongoing projects. First he sees a man attempting to use cucumbers as sun storage devices. He then witnesses a scientist attempting to turn feces into food. Another researcher attempts to turn ice in gunpowder and is fully invested into the idea of the â€Å"malleability of fire. † Gulliver travels throughout the Academy and witnesses many more experiments. There are blind paint mixers who are under the impression that they can smell color. There is even a scientist who is under the impression that his random word generator is capable of writing books on any topic. A linguist is under the impression that speaking is a waste of life and every breath used to speak brings people closer to death. He proposed everyone be mute and simply act out the message they wish to convey. Lastly, Gulliver witnesses a professor attempt to teach mathematics by writing equations onto wafers and feeding them to his students. Part III: Chapter 6 Gulliver is still at the academy and proceeds to visit professors who are dealing with politics and government. They propose that taxation of women be based upon their physical attributes and relative beauty. Other claims that to uncover conspiracies, they should search through the feces of the citizens. They even propose kicking and pinching the politicians to make them ‘less forgetful. ’ After witnessing the propositions and experiments of many, Gulliver concludes that there is nothing here that he could benefit from and wishes to leave. Gulliver wishes to travel to Luggnagg but cannot find a vassal to take him. Not wanting to stay in Lagado any longer, he decided to travel to Glubbdubdrib. He is able to deduce that the Isle is inhabited by people capable of doing magic. Upon his arrival, Gulliver requests an audience with the King—he is granted his wish. Gulliver then witnesses people simply disappearing and reappearing and ghosts serving food. He is initially surprised and startled by these events but becomes accustomed to them. He even goes so far to request the King to appease his personal requests. The King willfully satisfies Gulliver’s requests to speak the dead. He speaks to many prominent historical figures such as: Hannibal, Caesar, Pompey, Brutus, Junius, Socrates, Epaminondas, Cato, and Sir Thomas More. He converses with them and learns that history is not as it seems and that often, it is glorified in order to cover up the embarrassing truth.   Still in the company of the King, Gulliver continues to talk to the reincarnations of prominent historical figures. He observes how Homer and Aristotle carry themselves and even goes as far to point out their mistakes; mistakes that they accept without any aggression toward Gulliver for doing so. He then proceeds to interrogate the more modern rulers and is disappointed to learn that they have not been honest with their subjects as they should have. He also calls upon simple ‘less developed’ English ancestors, whom he finds remarkable large and of good stature. He concludes that the Nobles have diminished the physical strength that the English were once blessed with. Part III: Chapter 9 Gulliver returns to Luggnagg in disguise. He only wished to return to his beloved mother country—the Kingdom of England. His shipmates confess to the officials that a stranger is aboard, resulting in his capture, interrogation and confinement. The King has heard of Gulliver’s adventures and wishes to speak to him. Gulliver is then informed that, all of the Kings visitors are required to lick the floor as they enter the Kings room. Because Gulliver was a guest, the floor was cleaned very well, but on occasion, it is sprinkled with poison to kill the Kings enemies. Because of his vast knowledge of foreign places, the King grows to favor Gulliver and treats him very well. Gulliver is ‘invited’ to stay for an additional three months—he is obedient.   While in the company of the Luggnaggs’, Gulliver is told of an immortal people. These people are marked by a spot on their forehead and are called the Struldbrugs. Gulliver fantasizes how he would live his life if he were immortal. He concludes that he would study all arts and sciences and learn to acquire riches. Gulliver ponders the topic even further and postulates that he would ‘reasonably expect’ to be the â€Å"wealthiest man in the kingdom. † After being exposed to these individuals, he learns that they live forever, but are not young forever. This is a tragic flaw and the government actually considers them dead after the age of eighty. He also learns that they grow to be saddened and to live a life with neither joy, nor love. All of their marriages eventually become dissolved and they despise all mortals, most likely out of envy. As he learned of these people and about their true state, Gulliver regretted wishing that he could be immortal. Part III: Chapter 11 After spending ample time in Luggnagg, Gulliver is eventually allowed to leave. He is finally able to find a vassal to take him to Japan, with hopes of continuing on to England. Upon arrival, Gulliver had again; found himself in an uncomfortable situation. He eventually finds a Dutch ship travelling to England. The captain agrees to take him, as long as Gulliver provides works as a surgeon for half the usual rate. By blending in as a Dutchman, Gulliver is able to satisfy the Emperors requirements. He is then excused from the ritual stomping of the cross. They are now free and continue to Amsterdam, from where Gulliver is able to find passage to England. Upon arrival he goes immediately home to his healthy family.

Reservoir Engineering

Reservoir engineering is a branch of petroleum engineering that applies scientific principles to the drainage problems arising during the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs so as to obtain a high economic recovery. The working tools of the reservoir engineer are subsurface geology, applied mathematics, and the basic laws of physics and chemistry governing the behavior of liquid and vapor phases of crude oil, natural gas, and water in reservoir rock. Of particular interest to reservoir engineers is generating accurate reserves estimates for use in financial reporting to the SEC (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission) and other regulatory bodies. Other job responsibilities include numerical reservoir modeling, production forecasting, well testing, well drilling and workover planning, economic modeling, and PVT analysis of reservoir fluids. They also compile development plans using mathematical models and select accurate tubing size and suitable equipment for their plans and move onto designing â€Å"completions†, which are the part of the well that communicates with the reservoir rock and fluids. Next, they design systems that will help the flow. Of course, it is always important to keep a close eye on the fluid's behavior and its production and managing how a set of different wells might interact with one another. In addition, they have to manage relationships in relation to health, safety and environmental performance. Finally, they must always keep in touch with different departments to ensure the progress is on the right track as well as keeping in touch with the clients and keeping them informed. Reservoir engineers also play a central role in field development planning, recommending appropriate and cost effective reservoir depletion schemes such as waterflooding or gas injection to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. Due to legislative changes in many hydrocarbon producing countries, they are also involved in the design and implementation of carbon sequestration projects in order to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases. Petroleum engineers have historically been one of the highest paid engineering disciplines; this is offset by a tendency for mass layoffs when oil prices decline. Those who have obtained a PhD receive higher salaries. Of course location and assignments influence salary. This is an international activity and many jobs are overseas. Working as a reservoir engineer can take you all over the world. You can be employed at an operating and producing company, engineering consultancies, integrated service providers, or at a specialist drilling contracting company. All work is mainly office-based and working closely with geologists on different oilfield developments. Offshore jobs require ? shift work' which means usually twelve hours on and twelve hours off for two weeks. Then that would be followed by a two or three week break onshore. One interesting fact that I learned is that only a small portion of petroleum engineers are women but that number is increasing due to high demand because of the oil shortages. Working as an engineer, any engineer, can both be physically and mentally tough. You can expect to travel within a working day and you can expect to tell your family that you will be absent for the night from home due to oversea work or travel. This job market is extremely sensitive to fluctuations in oil prices and the status of existing and proposed projects. Overall, it is a tough profession that involves procuring reserves from places that predecessors deemed too difficult or not economic with the technology of the day. Any mistake made in this profession is usually measured in millions of dollars. However, reservoir engineers are held to a very high standard. In comparison, deepwater operations are almost like space travel in terms of how challenging they both are technically. One must put up with arctic conditions or those of extreme heat. In conclusion, petroleum engineering is definitely challenging but always something to consider.

Cultural Difference: Hofstede Framework

Culture, in my own opinion, is a unique system of values and norms that are believed by a group of people who live in the same society. Since culture is unique, Geert Hofstede tried to study the differences. After the study, he proposed five dimensions to measure the cultural difference between nations. The following parts will explain Hofstede Framework briefly. The first dimension is Power Distance. It is a tool to measure the power difference between levels in organization. In a group with high power distance, the majority of people would tend to respect in authority and establish hierarchy.When observing their behavior, they would have a great esteem on the class of social level. By contrary, a society with a low power distance would not fear authority and view themselves as equal with equal rights. Generally, the power distance in Oriental is higher than that in Occidental. The second dimension is Individualism vs. Collectivism. This index measures the preference of a group of p eople in considering self-benefit or group-benefit. In a society of collectivism, the society would have strong group cohesion and have higher responsibility on others well-being.Besides, the management level would tend to discuss with their subordinates before making a decision. By contrary, people will have loose ties and lack of interpersonal connection when a society prefers individualism. Generally, the Oriental prefer to focus on collectivism; the Occidental prefer to focus on the individualism. The third dimension is Achievement vs. Nurturing. This index reflects a society that sticks with and values traditional male and female roles. If the score is high, the society tends to holes value like traditionally male which is competitive, assertive and ambitious.They would be less emotional and would not make any emotional-based decision or argument. On the other hand, a nurturing-oriented society will respect and admired powerful women and they would tend to emphasizing considera tion and personal feelings. Next dimension is Uncertainty Avoidance. The score reflects the attitude of the group when it faced risk and ambiguity. If the score of uncertainty avoidance is high, the management of the group would prefer to set more rules to avoid the uncertainty situation during the daily operation. By contrary, society with low score has higher illingness in accepting risk and changes.Also, the management of the group would impose less rules and structure when unnecessary. The last one is Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation. It measures the group of people prefer to consider the short-term-benefit or the long-term-benefit. If the group prefers short-term-benefit means the management may seek for the quick success and the instant benefits. They would consider personal stability and respect fro tradition. By contrary, the group prefers long-term-benefit means they concern the future, advocate saving and reserve. They believe that progressive effect is more important. With the Hofstede framework, we can separate and understand the difference of managing culture through these five dimensions. On the other hand, when we talk abou Culture†, somebody would say that â€Å"Culture is something easy to build up, but hard to break†. However, in my opinion, this is not a one-sided statement. We would not state that culture is either easy or difficult to build up or break down, as we could adopt a new cultural environment or re-build a culture in a micro-environment by nderstanding the cultural norms and behavior of that society.For example, to change the beliefs and values in an organization, we should adopt different approaches based on the culture in that nation. I would explain my contention using the Hofstede's framework in the following parts. The first angle is Power Distance. The majority of people would obey their boss if the index is high. By contrary, they would view themselves as equal with equal rights. For this, there are two dif ferent reactions when they meet the change of culture, included buildup and break down.From the angle of higher-index nation, they will accept the changes always; most likely they will not refuse the changes, include the break down. So, management can change the culture easily in this situation. However, in the low-index nation, it will not only hard to build up, but also hard to break down the culture as they emphasize to view themselves as equal with equal, especially to rebuild. Therefore, management should follow these three advices when they change to culture. Firstly, form a discuss group and invite staff to show their views and concern before decision making.Secondly, try to use more statistics to seek their support within the discussion. The most important is the management must keep the eyes on the behaviors and emotion of the staff the change started. If the negative reaction was found, the management should stop the change and review. If the management follows it, it is e asy to change the culture. The second angle is Individualism vs. Collectivism. As the said before, the society would have strong group concept if there is Collectivism. On the other hand, they would emphasize the self-benefit when they prefer Individualism.For this, the main focus should be â€Å"Benefit†, there are two different reactions when they meet the change of culture. In the Individualism society, â€Å"Self-Benefit† is their main focus. If changing the culture will bring the â€Å"Self-Benefit†, they will support the change. Then, Culture is something easy to build up and break down. However, if changing the culture will cut the â€Å"Self- Benefit† down, they will against the change. Then, Culture is something hard to build up and break down. By contrary, in the Collectivism society, â€Å"Group-Benefit† is their main focus.If changing the culture will advantage to â€Å"Group-Benefit†, they will support the change. So, Culture is something easy to build up and break down in this moment. However, if changing the culture is disadvantage to â€Å"Group-Benefit†, they will against the change. Then, Culture is something hard to build up and break down in this moment. As a role of management, we should try to guide them to focus the viewpoint to positive. For example, when we would like to change the culture of late, some supporter of the Individualism may think it is damage to their â€Å"Self-Benefit†.But e should change their mind-set to it is benefit for them, it is a chance for strive to the promotion. For the support of Collectivism, we also can try a similar approach. For example, when we would like to change the culture of talking gossip, some supporter of the Collectivism may think it is damage to their â€Å"Group-Benefit†. We should change their mind-set to it is advantage to tor them; it will be increase to productivity atter stop to talking. All of them can get the team bonus if the productivity increases. Try to divert their attention and get their support, then the change of culture will easier.If we can not divert their attention, the management should stop the change and review it immediately. The next angle is Achievement vs. Nurturing. If the score is high, the group of people will more competitive, assertive and ambitious. However, they would tend to emphasizing consideration and personal feelings if the score is low. In this situation, they will only support the change if it is fit with their character and oppose it if it can not. After we got their support, we can change the culture easily. But, it is hard to change the culture if we only got their objection.In the Achievement society, we should avoid discussing emotions or making emotionally-based decisions or arguments. By contrary, Ensure Job design and practices are not discriminatory to either gender. And treat men and women equally. By doing so, we will build up or break down easily. When we go the wrong way, then we will hard to build up and break down. The fourth angle is Uncertainty Avoidance. The group would prefer to set more rules if the score of uncertainty avoidance is high. If the score of uncertainty avoidance is low, they have higher willingness in accepting risk.If the score of uncertainty avoidance is low, that means they love to support the change of culture, it is easy to rebuild and break down the culture. On the other hand, they are not the fans of the change if the score of uncertainty avoidance is high, because they have not confidence for the future. For this, we should give more plans and preparation to the staff, communicate with them often and early, provide detailed plans of change. Through the guide line, we can lead the people to rebuild or break the culture step-by-step. After that, they will support the change as they got he confidence.The last angle is Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation. If the group prefers short- term-benefit means the m anagement may seek for the quick success and the instant benefits. By contrary, the group prefers long-term-benefit means they believe that progressive effect is more important. In Long-term society, we should avoid letting them lose the face, emphasize and benefit of future, then they will support. Otherwise they will oppose the change. By contrary, in Short-term society, we should emphasize the quick benefit, then they will support. Otherwise they will oppose the change.

Geo Sba Cxc

Candidate Name: Nathaniel J. Adiah Candidate Number: Subject: Geography School: Presentation College Chaguanas Year of Exam: Teacher’s Name: Aim: To identify, describe and account for the features of erosion and deposition along Las Cuevas Bay. Candidate Name: Candidate Number: Subject: Geography School: Year of Exam: Teacher’s Name: Aim: To identify, describe and account for the features of erosion and deposition along Las Cuevas Bay. Contents Aim:4 Methodology5Introduction:6 Description of the Bay7 Presentation of findings – Analysis and Discussion8 Caves9 Arches10 Stumps11 Cliffs12 Blowholes13 Geos14 Headlands15 Coves16 Notches17 The Beach18 Conclusion20 Limitations21 Bibliography22 Aim: To identify, describe and account for the features of erosion and deposition along Las Cuevas Bay. Methodology Where? : Las Cuevas Bay When? : Monday 11th June, 2012. From 9:00 am – 1:30 pm How? : The class was split into six groups and each group studied a specific sit e along the beach.Each group carried out a number of tests: wave height, using a metre stick; wave frequency, using a stopwatch; width of the beach, using a measuring tape. Introduction: Las Cuevas Bay is a 2. 2 kilometer raised beach named after the caves that lie on the southwestern end of the beach. Las Cuevas Bay is located approximately 7 kilometers east of Maracas Bay along the North Coast Road. This beach is extremely popular for both bathing and camping. The beach was chosen because of the fact that it has a lot of observable features. Description of the Bay Las Cuevas Bay is approximately 2. kilometers long and its width is 74 feet. It is a bay head beach with a horse shoe shape. At the time of the study rain was falling and there was a gentle breeze. It was during high tide. The beach gradient was gentle and uniform. The waves were constructive (8 waves per minute). Presentation of findings – Analysis and Discussion Bar graph 1: showing the number of each feature se en on the beach The bar graph above shows that the most prevalent feature on the beach was the cliffs. Most of the features observed were seen at the eastern end of the beach. CavesA cave is a natural underground hollow in the rock, usually large enough for a human being to enter. The solution of carbonate rocks such as limestone takes place mostly below the water table in the zone of saturation or the phreatic zone. The water table sinks as the rocks are dissolved and caves are formed. Arches Stumps Cliffs Sea cliffs are formed when waves strike vigorously against a steep coast. Blowholes Geos Headlands Coves Notches The Beach The beach is the only depositional feature. Line graph 1: wave frequency at different points along the beachErosional Features| Depositional Features| Caves| Beach| Cliffs| | Geos| | Headlands| | Coves| | Blowhole| | Notches| | Stumps| | Arches| | Conclusion A number of features were observed although the beach is now raised so present processes have no great effect on any features except the beach. Las Cuevas Beach is a stable beach system with several erosional features and only one depositional feature, which is the beach itself. Limitations Some limitations on this study are: 1) The weather 2) Timeframe 3) Tide Bibliography