Monopoly Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monopoly - Assignment ExampleIndustries consume approximately 20%. Other than the effects of global warming, in that location is an emerging trend of water privatization by corporations. The private sector is providing water for profit basis. As a result, there has been a lot of destruction of water reservoirs in the ecosystem (Kalpakian 174).The global water crisis has resulted in tightness in countries having a sh ard water system. Several countries striving for economic growth compete in claiming water sources leading to rivalry. In south Asia, the Ganges and Indus River are causing tension between India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (Kalpakian 176). some(prenominal) Pakistan and India are constructing hydroelectric plant along Kishanganga River. Pakistan is weary that the Indian dams will inhibit adequate water flow to their site. This divergence between Pakistan and India has led to Pakistanis militant killing over 100 Indians. Water is central to both these nations. For Pakista n, the populous country relies on irrigation while India has many hydroelectric projects that are involved in harnessing electricity for industrial use. Moreover, in central Asia, there are also water disputes between Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan who are fighting for control of the Syr Daria and Amu Daria Rivers. The Nile basin is also on dispute. The other Nile countries want a share of the Nile, which is soon in the control of Sudan and Egypt (Kalpakian 176).The tension arising in several countries because of competition of water poses a challenge. UNESCO advocates for non-confrontation resolution of conflicts. In addition, it advocates for the communal philosophy (Lee 231). This dispute resolution approach encourages the stakeholders of a common water source to fare together in managing and development of that source. Mechanisms of conflict resolution regarding the water source are vital too. UNESCO dispute resolution in water conflict advocates for

Management - Cultural Communications Assignment

Management - Cultural Communications - Assignment ExampleU.S. Business Communication Protocols In the United States, when someone is involved in channel, there argon certain protocols that argon expected to be followed. The United States is an exclusiveist society which basically means that individual is more important than the group. Because of this, many businesses be organized so that the individual must do their own work, unless there is a team. Of course, if there is a team, each individual on the team is expected to do their own work. In the United States, while is considered genuinely important and people are expected to be punctual when approaching their jobs and/or meetings. Ameri chamberpots overly expect that people who are on metre are more reputable than those who are late. They also decide that people who use time well are more reliable and people who poop be counted on, then those who do not use time well (USA-Language, n.d.). In most cases, business meets begin with a strong handshake, a smile and saying hello and people begin a meeting promptly on time whenever possible. Also, business people are expected to maintain substance contact and first names are used. Business dress can vary depending on where the individual is located, the season, and the industry the individual works within. Also, business cards are exchanged and business cards are carried in a wallet or a purse. Challenges that Protocols Create Across Culture There are many challenges that come into play when Americans interact with other cultures. LeBaron (2003) suggests that mis-communication is very easy to do when people do not understand each others differences in four areas Time and space, face and individualised responsibly, face and face-saving and nonverbal communication (p. 2). Time and Space As stated before, time is very important to most Americans and time is synonymous with progress. Americans see a monochromic time approach which makes time linear and fo cuses on one event or interaction between people or events formerly at time. In Eastern cultures, as an example, time is fluid and there is no beginning or starting point. They believe in a polychonous system (LeBaron, 2003, p. 3) that one may find that people trounce together, all at once, with several conversations going on at the same time. In business, when people are negotiating terms of a contract or conflict arises, people in monochromic time systems can become very impatient if they do not understand polychonous systems (LeBaron, 2003). Fate and Personal Responsibility legion(predicate) Americans believe that they have the choice of forging their own destinies and they are confident that they can conquer anything. If an individual has something, they perceive as failure, they are often told that they just have to try again. In this environment, action, efficacy, and achievement are more important than anything else (LeBaron, 2003, p. 4). In many other cultures (Native Ame rican, Chinese) there can be respect for everything in the world. In other words, they believe that there is a natural order of things (LeBaron, 2003, p. 4) that needs to be followed. When these ii cultures class, the first may see the sec as lazy or think they are dishonest. The second person, who believes in a natural order of things, may see the first person as exacting or pushy. Face and Face Saving Face, according to LeBaron (2003) is often considered as the way that an individual seems

Stonewall Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sto new-fashionedall - Case Study Example(b) sparing factors The economic factors comprise of interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. It tail stupor c be in different ways, for instance the high interest rates may discourage investment because it be more to borrow. (c)Inflation It may give rise to higher salary demands from employees and also raise the costs, for instance higher national income growth may boost demand for a firms products. (d)Social factors Changes in social trends can impact the demand for a firms products and the willingness of individuals to work. If we say that population of Canada is ageing, then we will also consider that more senile age homes would be required, which in turn would require construction material. (e)Technological factor New technologies create new products and new processes. It is also capable of reducing costs and improving quality and it also leads to innovation. These developments can acquire c onsumers as well as the organizations providing the products. 4. Identify and explain the various techniques for prognostic labor fork over and labor demand. What can organizations do in the short run when they recognize a gap in which supply far exceeds demand? What could Stonewall do in this situation? The techniques that can be used for forecasting labor demands are trend analysis and management forecast. (a) Trend analysis in which labor requirements are forecasted on the basis of some organizational index. (b)Management forecast are the opinions of experts, supervisors and sometimes the skilled labor as well, regarding the organizational labor forecast. The supply of labor can be forecasted by different techniques including staffing tables, Markov analysis, and... Stonewall follow should explore alternatives prior to making its downsizing decision. One way to do so is by employee transfer to either within companys subsidies, or to other companies. Later, if performance of transferred employees remains stagnant, then layoffs with comme il faut argument will be the only way out. Information regarding downsizing should be provided to the employees as it is non only an employees right to know about it at least 3 months prior to layoff, solely it is also constitutes the companys foremost duty to its employees. Stonewall Company should opt for downsizing the Montreal plant. The reasoning behind it is that the Quebec is relatively small province as compared to others. If at times, more supplies are needed, Mississauga plant can easily transport it to Montreal because it is only on a 6 hours drive. Moreover, average hourly rate in Montreal plant is less as compared to others. So, in order to avoid the negative impact on the rest employees, Stonewall can increase the average hourly rate, which would easily motivate the existing employees.

Slavery between 1800 and 1865 and the the development of the American Essay

thralldom betwixt 1800 and 1865 and the the evolution of the American southmost - Essay ExampleSlavery is interesting because there are many economic, political, amicable and heathen implications, which will be covered during the course of this essay. Social and Cultural Slavery The main affable implication of slavery is that there will always be wiz ruling class and one formed of slaves. In the case of the United States, people were born into slavery and it was very difficult to hightail it, unless you could escape to the Union states and begin a new life, something which was not always easy. This led to black slaves being seen as inferior and finding it very difficult to move up the hierarchy into becoming landowners. This led to the coating that the United States has only recently (debatably) escaped, which is thinking that black people are somehow inferior. After the abolishment of slavery, black people still found it very difficult to be treated equally to the discol our European settlers, simply because the cultural and social stereotype of slavery was left behind. Slavery in political economy Economically, slavery was more positive. There were many available sources of labor which could be bought for a one-off price and past used until the slave was no longer fit for work. This was particularly important in cotton agriculture, because a large number of field hands were required for every harvest. The economics of the dapple are awesome because actually, cheap or free labor is something that still occurs in the modern age and has been very reclaimable to many companies over the years. This facet of slavery is interesting because if you take it apart from the other problems, it seems to make the situation seem almost positive, something which cannot be said of how slavery affected people themselves politically, morally and socially. Slavery in Politics Political interests in slavery have been wide-ranging and varied over the years. The Civil struggle occurred between 1861 and 1865 and was essentially a war waged between two sides (Union and Confederate) that could not bring themselves to agree politically about the topic of slavery. The Union side favored abolition, and was the side that eventually won. Politically, most people at present would agree with the Union side, perhaps because of this victory and perhaps because of the burgening social interest in equality between races. The Confederate side believed that slavery was an essential part of the lifestyle, and necessary to keep the cotton (and other) crops being big(p) and harvested successfully. Slavery was part of the way of life, with slaves being incorporated into nearly every family, with the number of slaves a planetary house possessed being a generally accepted measure of wealth. This ties in well with the social and cultural implications of slavery, which essentially suggested that the American South required slavery to continue being the prosperous l and that it was. Slavery and the Development of the American South Slavery is something that affected the development of the American South greatly. As previously mentioned, slavery was a great part of the culture in the South prior to the Confederate states losing the American Civil War. Every respected household had black slaves up until (and past) the point at which it was illegal. The American South is still famous for having a higher level of racial inequality than the North, and this may be something of a hangover from

Critical review for academic article Literature

Critical for academic article - Literature review ExampleThe article explains that the term emotional is utilized in order to refer to emotions, feelings that are provoked among students towards science in general or specifically. This report is presented from several studies conducted in twenty-five different case studies, which utilized a condensed fieldwork strategy in which collection of data was through discussions recorded on audio tapes, interviews as well as notes on field observations. Moreover, there were samples of applicatory lessons, which were conducted in English comprehensive schools. In fact, this study was conducted in phases, whereby during spot three and four, the research focused on students between the age of 11-14 and 15-16.This report presents findings from the research based on practical work. The findings indicate that practical work for students offers short-term engagements, which is comparatively unproductive in the process of move students to study s cience post despotic education or for individual interest, which is long-term. This academic article presents ideas, which indicates that mess directly involved in science education are expected to establish a real understanding of shortcomings of practical work in the affective domain especially in post compulsory stages of education. Therefore, in my perspective, this article provides necessary ideas, which are gathered to suggest that practical work is a inducement in primary level school science as against in utility(prenominal) and post secondary stages of education. This research article presents substantial illustrations focused on lack of precision on the use of all-important(a) terms, while discussing affective mensurate of practical work in relation to the attitude towards science. On the opposite hand, the research focuses on avoidance of overlap of terminologies, whereby there is ample clarification of terms such as motivation and personal interest. Besides, the report aims at finding out whether pupils are motivated by practical work in learning science. Moreover, the researchers focused on presenting their meaning on psychological sense, while considering the take on of these terms being operational. Methodology The research presented in this academic article applied a methodology approach that focused on collection of data through observation and tape-recorded interviews, which were undertaken through coaction with teachers prior to and after lessons. On the other hand, the researchers utilized pre-lesson interviews focused at accounting for practical work, which was discover and its relation to teachers perceptions towards achievement of learning objectives. There were collections of teachers reflections based on the moment after the lesson interview, which focused on identifying achievement of learning objectives. This focused on their perception towards a teachers affective value of practical work in learning. The researchers util ized conversations among groups of pupils during and after lessons and they were recorded. Besides, these conversations offered a chance for gathering ideas regarding students

Business Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Research Methods - assignment ExampleThese forms of study are mainly undertaken before conducting a more extensive study that depart provide concrete answers to the lookers questions. Utilisation of this look into material body, therefore, is restrict to areas in which there is limited knowledge as the researcher seeks to develop background learning on the topic being explored. in spite of appearance the business profession, exploratory research focuses on discovering business caprices rather than provision of statistically accurate data. It butt provide a company with a definition of issues pertaining alternative courses of action and even prioritization of areas for further research. This design mainly utilises open ended questions and bottom be able to provide ideas that might not hold back been thought. The utilisation of the open ended questions however becomes a basic shortfall of the research design since the information collected could be extensively varie d and analysis becomes difficult as it cannot be grouped.Description research seeks to provide information and describes situations based on scientific observation (Saunders & Lewis 2012). The fundamental reasons behind utilisation of scientific observations are the provision of accurate and precise information on the topics being investigated. In seeking to micturate this level of accuracy and precision scientific methods are utilised in statistically analysing the collected data. This research is limited by the complexity of the processes involved in undertaking the analysis of data being presented. inappropriate the exploratory design, descriptive study is generally structured and pre-planned. This ensures that the information gathered within the process can be statistically inferred on a given population like the workforce of the company.The fundamental idea behind the utilisation of descriptive research design is defining, opinions, attitudes and behaviours of a group of peop le in a better and more informed manner

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Term base - Essay ExampleTowards the end of the 20th Century, widespread use of computers commenced in Western nations like atomic number 63 and North America. At first, computers belonged to the elite members of a society. With time, economics of demand and supply led to massive fruit of cheap computers for the general public (Wendy, 98). Today, use of computers is not restricted to specific corners of the world. Today, even communities in irrelevant African and Asian villages have access to computers. Aside from accessing the computers, most people in these villages possess conceptual skills regarding the use of internet and other popular computer applications (Dike, 01).This widespread availability and application of computers created a computerized world-wide village. The age of global computerization has benefits and setbacks in relatively equal measures. One benefit involves ease of communication. In the past, exchange of messages between distant persons would involve trave rsing the long distances between communicating parties, which was not only financially costly, but also time-consuming. Nowadays, global computerization enables two parties to conduct their social, economic or political interactions in an economically efficient manner (Smith and Angelica, 21). Irrespective of their physical locations, business partners or politicians can enter into mutually beneficial agreements through the internet. In this regard, global computerization has led to convenience in exchange of messages, and so enhancing human activities.Global computerization is not without concerns of disadvantages. Significant decline in ethics features as whizz setback of the computerized global village. Admittedly, widespread use of computers did not cause a correspondingly widespread patterned advance of ethics (Carr, 28). Traditional settings in either social or economic environments upheld ethical standards because physical interactions remained dominant. Nowadays, there are increasing

Assignment 3 Three Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 3 Three Goals - demonstrate ExampleI created a whole glossary of these words on my computer to be fit to refer to it any time I needed it. I found this practice very expedient in doing the assignments as well as for understanding the concept surrounding social investigate. As I increased my vocabulary, I was better able to understand the social research papers. The more I apprehended them, the more I learnt how the social research works. To understand the second goal, I followed the instructions and guidelines that were provided to write the research papers. I used to print out the information, highlight important concepts and the key arguments. I followed the Bass academic Reference Guide. To make it convenient, I placed the Guide next to my computer so that I would be able to refer to it any time I needed while making the reference list. Having pen the research paper in due accordance with the established guidelines, I re-read the paper from start manger end sever al times in an attempt to pick put the grammar and the erroneous sentence kink mistakes. The re-reading exercise also helped me concoct the paper is a more organized fashion wherein ideas would flow swimmingly and the successive paragraphs would be linked with the preceding ones. I could not adequately work to achieve the triad goal as I was not well. However, I actively participated in the discussion forums. The discussion forums provided me with the opportunity to learn from other students. I listened to their perspectives on different matters. I learnt the variety of ways in which the equivalent meaning can be conveyed.One thing that I was surprised by the most was the position that I had been able to make an active participant of the discussion forums while I was often life very drowsy due to the effect of the medicines. Although I was not enjoying good health, yet I polished a determination in me to finish this unit. I did not want my physical weakness to submerge my em otional strength, and I succeeded in achieving that.One

Viewpoints of Benjamin Harrison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Viewpoints of Benjamin Harrison - Research Paper utilisationBeing a farmer, it was mandatory that he was to engagement slaves on his plantations. Despite the ruthlessness that was being shown to the slaves, he seemed to have a soft spot for them. He was a nationalist who believed that the Americans had the same rights as Britons as well as other groups of people. His resistance to the obnoxious stamp duty against tea is an indicator of his impatience to economic injustices committed against the Americans. He would be very happy to establish that there is more economic acquitdom today. Many individuals can manage to live a decent life and have free opportunities to engage in economic activities without much oppression from the government of the day. In addition, the fact that the resources within the terra firma are used for the good of its citizens and not foreigners, then Harrison would have appreciated the effort that has been put. Benjamin V viewed societal injustices from a personal viewpoint and attempted to do something about it. He went ahead to use his own resources in the activism that opposed the bill that mentioned that the laws passed by the Virginia parliament were contrary to the law. He would be satisfy to notice the separation of powers between the states and the federal government and how they are able to work in synchrony. In another situation, he condemned the enactment of the intolerable acts and joined hands with others to form the continental congress. He is on record for having desired to unite the Americans to fight against the ruthlessness of the colonial master.

Reading reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reading reflection - Essay ExampleAccording to McLean, ethics and morality is a chance upon ingredient of not only article editing barely also the acquisition of information for the very(prenominal) (182). These critical aspects serve to establish and maintain not only the reputation of an individual journalist but also his /her employer. Persuasion of these modalities establishes a noticeable sense of trust from the audience to the reporter. Newspaper articles readers are plan to reading news from credible sources those made by individual journalists or stations that practice and or embrace workplace ethical codes of conduct.The justification of the conclusion so made draws from the rationale of establishing a strong ethical perspective in journalism work. It is beyond reasonable doubt that both story that is aeriform live or written as a newspaper article should exhibit high levels of verity in factual data journalist should not merely write stories. Besides, precision is c ritical for any piece of report it means directly pinpointing the issue under discussion. Journalists must also establish a balance between justifiable and unjustifiable stories before

There are limitations, but financial and management accounting perform Essay

There are limitations, but financial and management accounting perform a sound role in the bill of slaying wit - Essay ExampleIn this context, the exploit standard has been characterized as an activity of key value for organizations in different industrial sectors. The grumpy issue is examined in this paper emphasis is given on the role of the financial and management accounting in procedure measurement, as a key part of strategic decision process in modern organizations. It is reason out that both financial and management accounting are quite important for the successful development of performance measurement schemes even if, in certain(p) cases, the involvement of financial and management accounting in performance measurement causes delays in the completion of the relevant processes under the terms presented below. Because of the above problem, a series of recommendations has been include in this study aiming to support the improvement of performance measurement systems. 2. surgical procedure measurement in organizations 2.1 Performance measurement description, role The use of performance measurement in modern organizations has been related to the achievement of specific organizational targets. Most commonly, the performance measurement is used a firms managers in exhibition to evaluate whether the organizational activities manage to achieve a particular level of performance as rotary by the planners of these activities. In this way, it will be possible to estimate if these activities have paid back the coronation make on them or not. In practice, the performance measurement as one of the firms key strategic processes disregard be quite complex. This fact is reflected in the theories developed in the particular field referring to the content, the role and the phases of performance measurement in modern organizations. At a first level, certain differentiations can be identified in the criteria used by theorists when having to define the pe rformance measurement however, a close examination of their views would lead to the assumption that they all emphasize on the value of performance measurement as a tool for estimating the achievement of organizational goals including the risks involved. In accordance with Hatry (2006) the performance measurement can be defined as the regular measurement of the results (outcomes) and efficiency of services or programs (Hatry 2006, p3). On the other(a) hand, Meyer (2003) notes that the term performance measurement can be explained using two different explanations the lexicon definition, which focuses on the past, i.e. on the performance of the organization up to the time point when its performance is measured and the economic definition, which refers quite to the future, emphasizing on the measurement of the shareholder value into the firm (Meyer 2003, p20). It is further explained that in the context of the dictionary definition performance is measured by operational measures o r current financial results (Meyer 2003, p20) on the other hand, the economic definition is based on the measurement of performance using share prices (Meyer 2003, p20). Another definition of performance measurement is mentioned in the study of Harbour (1997) in the above study reference is made to the performance measurement as a method for measuring work accomplishments and output (Harbour 1997, p7). At the adjacent level, Epstein et al. (2006) emphasize on

Which equation is correct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Which equation is correct - Essay ExampleBecause, strapper has cardinal oxides Copper (I) oxide Cu2O and Copper (II) oxide CuO thitherfore, there squirt be following two possible equations for thermal decomposition of Copper (II) carbonateIt is to be determined as which of the two equations is the correct equation. Looking at the right side of equation, we find the suggestion for designing an experiment to determine the correct equation of the thermal decomposition.There are two clues 1. hole of the black residue and 2. Volume of the gas liberated. If one starts the thermal decomposition experiment with two moles i.e. 247 grams (2x123.5 grams) of blur carbonate and mass of the black residue is 143 gram, then Equation 1 is correct on the separate hand the mass of black residue being 159 grams implies Equation two being correct.One can measure the volume of the gas released as well. In case of Equation 1 being correct, two moles of copper carbonate will give two and a half mole s of carbon dioxide gas, which is 2.5x22.4 liters = 56 liters at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure, which is 273.16 K and 1 Atmosphere). In case of Equation 2 being correct, two moles of copper carbonate will give only two moles of gases, which will occupy 44.8 liters at STP. Based on these clues, we design the following experiment to determine the correct equation for thermal decomposition of copper carbonate.pneumatic trough, test tube (13 x 100 mm), one hole stopper to fit test tube, shaping tube (from pulled Beral), graduated cylinder (100 mL), thermometer, laboratory burner, test tube clamp, CuCO3 (solid), balance5. Bubbles started getting into the graduated cylinder. Towards the suppress of the decomposition reaction the rate of CO2 release slowed down. When the bubbling stopped, the burner and the delivery tube were removed.Because 2.5x10-3 moles of copper process gives 2.5x10-3 moles of carbon dioxide gas, therefore, Equation 2 is the correct equation for decompositi on of the copper carbonate.

Organizational Changes at PayPal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Changes at PayPal - evidence ExampleThe rapid growth enjoyed by this company has been as a result of changing its dodging to suit the needs of the guests and at the same time ensure maximum safety for online transactions. Being a leader in online payments, PayPal was finding it challenging to address all the needs of the millions of customers they served. There were a numeral of challenges the company was facing that drove it to change its business model. These challenges were as a result of the growing customer numbers, stiff competition, regulatory issues and safety frights. First, PayPal operates in a highly sensitive and competitive market segment. The bane from other companies offering more or less similar services has been a major concern for the company. Since its inception, PayPal has had to deal with the holy terror of competitors. For example, two years after its establishment, PayPal faced competition from Citibank, who introduced the c2it service. Ci tibank partnered with Microsoft and AOL, and the c2it presented a significant bane to the growth of PayPal. In another example, Google introduced the Googles Checkout system, which allowed customers to retrieve their financial information and give it to merchants whenever it needed. With much(prenominal) a system, PayPal was facing the risk of being thrown out of the online payment market. An even bigger threat came from quick service providers. For example, companies like Verizon and ATT were facilitating P2P payments, services that allow customers to send and receive money using their mobile phones.

LIving in a House versus living in an apt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

live onliness in a House versus subsisting in an apt - Essay ExampleThere argon many similarities between living in an apartment and living in a house. Both atomic number 18 places for living where one finish live with family. Both can be similar in mental synthesis and space at least for one floor. Both apartment and house have electrical, mechanical, and sanitary supplies and function that make them livable for the occupants. Living in any of them requires an individual to either pay rent or pay the cost of the whole structure whether in installments or as a one-time payment. There are neighbors for the occupants of apartments as well as houses.There are quite a lot of differences between living in an apartment and living in a house. concourse living in an apartment more often than not have access to just one floor because other floors are occupied by other families whereas people living in a house dwell on all of its floors and levels. Many families live in a condominium whereas principally only one family resides in a house. People in a house have more autonomy of extending the house horizontally or vertically and of making any sort of changes to the structure whereas occupants of an apartment generally cannot make any structural changes in the apartment. People living in a house also own the land on which the house is constructed and can thus demolish, reconstruct, and change their structure in any way they want. On the other hand, occupants of an apartment generally own just their apartment and not the ground on which the condominium is constructed. People living in a house find it easier to move in and out whereas occupants of an apartment find it difficult and awkward to frequently move in and out of the apartment particularly if the apartment is located at an cosmetic surgery from the ground they have to use lift or stairs which limits horizontal movement. However, houses generally take all-night to be constructed than an apartment becaus e most condominiums are constructed with precast structural members these days whereas most houses

Private Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Private Prisons - Essay ExampleThis is because with lesser and lesser Federal and State budgets for companionable expenditure, profit making organisations such as these are likely to generate extra money for the organisation through outsourcing instead of being net expenditures.2. In the American correction system the role of tuck aways is to obtain people under lawful detention, compared to prisons where only convicted people are housed. A large proportion of the jail population is pre-trial (estimated 60 %) (3), and in this group neither punishment nor rehabilitation is the motive, it is simply detaining possible, but unverified offenders for reducing the risk to society. The rest of the jail population consists of those who have received very short sentences frequently for minor offences like drunken driving and petty theft. In an average 1000-bed jail, it has been estimated that the turnover rate is 36 - i.e. 36,000 pass through the system in a year.Thus jail administrators face very antithetical issues than the prison population. Firstly the background and health issues facing this population is largely unknown, and they must be hyper on the watch that anyone in their custody do not fastly turn violent or develop sudden illness.

Famous for their creative ideas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Famous for their creative ideas - Research Paper typesetters caseIn short, he helped his country to gain independence from Britain and cope with social suffering connected with this transformation (Mandelbaum, 1973). In the essence of his worldview, he strived to solve the lack of exampleity in modern India (Chakrabarry, 2006, p. 3). Because of this, he invented the moral principle of satyagraha, or truth force, which opposed existing violence by wise authority (Chakrabarry, 2006). On the implementation of his ideas, his drawing cardship skills enabled his achievements. In fact, he headed the national revolution, and was creative in starting it from rural areas not presidency towns (Chakrabarry, 2006, p. 4). Thus, Mohandas Gandhis name is an essential part of huge transition for the Indian society. In general, Mandelbaum (1973) shows how antithetic hard situations helped Mohandas Gandhi to turn from the average life plan of his time to become national leader Mahatma Gandhi. For i nstance, Chakrabarry (2006) says the in truth simplicity of Gandhis language enabled him to become noticeable and easily refer to the grassroots (p. 1-2). Furthermore, numerous obstacles he faced in social life of India strengthened his conviction of the necessity of political reform. For example, he considered pauperisation as social violence and encouraged people to resist it. Thus, the case of Mohandas Gandhi demonstrates how important it is for political leader to be attentive to social problems. If he did not question the authority of division within Indian society, he would never become as great and creative as we know him. Hence, his idea of non-violence and moral authority is still cutting-edge.On another hand, Benjamin Franklin made a crucial contribution to the nurture development for another part of the world, America. In the time of his living, the question of what does it mean to be American was up-to-date (Houston, 2008, p. 6-7). Thus, the introduced by him concept of improvement mostly referred to this challenge. In wider

Electricity Generation Using a Wind Turbine Essay Example for Free

Electricity Generation Using a turn of events Turbine riseWind turbines are machines built for generation of electricity. The electric power is generated by harnessing the wind speed to trend the shaft that connects to the gears assembled to amplify the amount of nada produced. off from wind power, other forces, like sedateness and thermic energy, also affect the rotation of the blades, which in curve affect the electricity generation process. This research is aimed at creating a simple wind turbine that is capable of generating electricity. The process will be explained using the principles found in physics such as the law of nature of gravity, electroattractionism, thermodynamics, and momentum. Materials and Method The wind turbine slewup was created using these devices hub, three caramel blades, metal box, two sets of gears, copper wire, a permanent attractiveness and volt meter, two rods of different sizes and distich heat sinks. These devices were then assemble d to a working wind turbine. First, the blades were attached at an angle of 20 degrees. wherefore the gears were connected to the metal hub. The gears were then connected to a permanent attractor that was used to generate the electricity. The magnet was coiled with 80 turns of copper wire (about ? inch) for generation of power.It was then spooled to a steel block which helped increment the voltage just like a transformer. Greased bushing was also set up among the two gears and the hub. The perforated cylindrical block was placed on both rods to serve as a heat sink. The second rod was bent at the tip to change cyclic motion to unsloped motion to the magnet. Finally, the wind turbine was mounted on a 10 feet tall support above body politic level and was observed. Discussion The wind turbine was observed to see how it can generate electricity or if it can. As the wind blew on the blades, they turned along with the shaft.The shaft was connected to the gears that were also connect ed to the permanent magnet. When the magnet moved, the volt meter needle deflected which meant it detected electric power from the wind turbine. The wind turbine was successfully set up and generated electricity. The process of converting wind energy into electric energy can be explained using about of the principles in physics law of gravity, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, and momentum. While the whole setup depends on wind movements, other types of forces also affect the generation of electricity such as gravity and friction.Newtons first of all law of motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest charm an object in motion will remain in motion. This is also called the Law of Inertia or the resistance of an object to change its state of motion. Mass, being the property of matter, is used to measure the amount of inertia. This kettle of fish also causes sobrietyal field the bigger the mass, the stronger the field. Consequently, in the presence of anothe r object of different mass, their gravitation forces affect one another, that is, they attract one another. Earth is an example and the assembled turbine rooter is the other object.Since the fan has littler mass than the earth, it tends to fall to the earth or that the earth pulls it down. The force of attraction between earth and gravity is computed as mass multiplied by acceleration due to gravity (Wfan = mg) the result of which is also the cargo of the fan. This concept can be used to explain why the turbine fan turns when the wind blows on it. Aside from the streamlined design of the blades allowing smooth air flow, the pull force of gravity also helps the fan turn on its place or as long as it is mounted to the support. Next is electricity and magnetism.When the fan turned, the gears connected to the magnet also turned. We know from Hans Christian Orsted that electricity goes together with magnetism putting guts to the term electromagnetism. Electric wires do have magnetic p roperties and magnets also have electrical properties. This is can be shown in the wind turbine setup. The general principle in producing electricity using magnets and coils of wires is called electromagnetic induction. Faraday developed the law of electromagnetic induction stating that the induced electromotive force in a closed loop is directly proportionate to the time rate of change of magnetic intermix through the loop.We already know that magnetic flux is the measure of quantity of magnetism considering the strength and extent of the magnetic field. Thus, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and the rotating motion generates electricity. This explains how kinetic energy from the wind is born-again to electric energy. However, not all of the kinetic energy from the wind movement is converted to electric energy. In other terms, the kinetic energy is not conserved. This is fundamentally due to friction. Friction is not a conservative force.By saying conservative, we mean it can be converted to other forms without losing portions of the original amount. An example is the gravitational force. Any object that falls from a accredited height above the ground with initial potential energy (PE) converts all of it to kinetic energy (KE) as it reaches down the level. Same with when the object goes up. The original amount of KE is totally converted to PE. Friction does not move this way. For example, the initial energy of a pusher pushing a box one meter outdoor(a) cannot regain the energy consumed even if the box is returned to its initial position.This is due to friction. What happened to the lost energy? They all go as heat energy, that is, wasted energy. In the wind turbine, change in the temperature is observable, especially in the gears and the rods. This is because they are all in contact while utilizing the wind power to move. Because of friction, the gears and the rods will heat up in the long run. It can damage the setup, starting from the parts with intense friction. In order to counter this, a heat sink has to be installed. ConclusionThe wind turbine was successfully assembled and electricity was produced. The electric energy was converted from kinetic energy derived from the wind movement. When the blades turn, the rods connected to the mechanism turned and by magnetic induction, electricity was produced. Wind power is then a good source of kinetic energy needed for generating electricity. I conjure up we put up wind turbines to harness the kinetic energy of the wind. It can help minimize the live of power generation and we can also avoid the adverse environmental effects of using crude products.

Self-Awareness Understanding Essay Example for Free

Self-Aw areness Understanding EssayThe short written report Jonathan Livingston Seagull says a lot ab protrude self-awareness. At the beginning of the short story in part wholeness the fall guy Jonathan Livingston Seagull is beginning to become self-aware by focusing on trying to become the blameless seagull. In his progression to be more than the average seagull, by development to fly he is erudition ab pop self-awareness. During his practices he begins to see what he truly can do and what the clunk is missing out on. This short story tells me that exhalation along with everyone else and non thinking for myself or about my own actions inhibits my culture to become independent and fully realize the self. By doing what he wanted to do, Jonathan found out what the Flock was missing out on. When he tried to explain the dilemma the Flock was in they ignored it and threw out this attempt at change. It was a terrible loss for the Flock, alone tremendous gain for Jonathan. Being shipwreck survivor from the Flock allowed him to further excel in his self-awareness capabilities.He had a clear perception of what he was. The deuce seagulls who lead Jonathan to a higher place, which had been exposed to this way of thinking, availed Jonathan on his path. This may say that in order to be fully self-aware one must accept others with that similar way of thinking. In doing so one can spread the liveledge to others who are less self-aware or not self-aware at all, like to individuals who are hindered by their chains of routine and their disability to think for themselves. This story promotes self-awareness by making the main character venture off on his escapade that is viewed as negative by the Elders. They see his methods as wrong and un-seagull like, whereas Jonathan sees it as how seagulls should be. The Elders minds are clouded and they, along with everyone else in the Flock who adheres to the Elders words are not self-aware. By personnel casualty on th is unconventional adventure to get around himself, the story speaks to me that I should also become more self-aware or master the ability. To me it seems as if the Jonathan could be me and the Flock is supposed to be the rest of the world, and in taking this class I am going on his journey to other world with a few select others who are on the like path (the other students in this class).I feel as if the author wants the reader to develop his or her own self-awareness by focusing on his or her own personality and behavior. Only by learning about myself and reviewing what I do can I fully develop my self-awareness. Others cannot teach it to me. They can entirely teach me to teach myself. I cannot simply read about being self-aware to master it. I must place myself in worldly situations and learn from each and every experience. I am crumble from the environment and other individuals. When I want good, solid information, I turn to the experts. So, who am I going to turn to for inf ormation about myself? Who is the expert? I am. Does a friend, a therapist, a minister, my hero, my parents know more about me than I do? They cant. I live in my skin and mind 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 52 weeks a year, day in and day out. No one is closer to me than me The answers are in there, perhaps all I need to solve these riddles is a usable question.In truth, I do not remember if I practice self-awareness regularly. My memory isnt to a fault good, so remembering this does not always go as smooth as I would think. I am however very self-aware, so I must develop done it right oer the past years. Thinking screen on times I do remember, I can escort those experiences in which I felt certain ways and why. That train of thought can help in teaching me about me. A personal example is the time I gave a speech in Public Speaking and recorded myself talking. This was an excellent way to get to that part of me. By going back and watching that video I learned a great many thing s about myself that I antecedently had not. If we had recordings of our daily lives I think it would be easier for the great unwashed to be self-aware because most of the time people do without thinking. If I had that back up it would greatly increase learning about my own self. Also, living in a country in which I was not born is a great help in understanding my individuality.It helps because I do not just flock to join crowds because I know what I am not. I think it would be a great help to go to another place and experience a different culture especially if it is far different than the original. It can cursorily show how much of an individual a person is. I think that is how Jonathan Livingston Seagull developed his self-awareness so quickly. He did not fit in with the rest of his Flock even when he tried to be like them. He promised he would not go back to his previous ways of individualism, but he could not keep his promise because it was not who he was. Its funny how people s ay, How can I be someone besides myself?Until one looks in a mirror and says, Wait, thats not me, is it? To study to be myself I have to be what I want, do what I want, and feel what I want. future(a) others ways of living causes them to become just like the person they are following. To be myself I have to make my own path and separate myself from everyone else. I must watch myself and get to know myself by observing my actions because I have not a clone to inquire about. It would be much easier, but sadly we have only ourselves to rely on in the situation that is self-awareness. Until people learn this, they are flawed and not truly who they claim to be.

Psychological Testing Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

mental Testing Article Analysis probePsychological interrogation is a tool to properly assess behaviors and characteristics of individuals. Results of mental straining are very much presented through statistical tables that allow evaluation and comparison of the different variables screen outed against set norms. This paper willing review an article lifted from the Health Psychology journal and de bournine the appropriateness of the psychological foot raceing instruments employ in the charter. For this purpose, the article chosen is Evolution of Biopsychosocial Model Prospects and Challenges for Health Psychology written by Jerry Suls and Alex Rothman in 2004. Article Summary The Biopsychosocial Model has enabled health psychologists in the search for a multi-level, multi-system approach to valet de chambre functioning (Suls Rothman, 2004). This idea is based on the premise that there is an intrinsic relationship between what is physical, psychological and social. H owever according to the investigate of Suls and Rothman, there are marked challenges that the sham faces that have necessityly keep the progress of its well(p) potential as a research, intervention and practice tool.The articles supreme goal was to determine what can be done to ensure the continuous refinement and evolution of the biopsychosocial model (Suls Rothman, 2004). As a means to determine the viability of the biopsychosocial model as a multi-faceted instrument to help explain an individuals health psychological science, Suls and Rothman resorted to the use of statistical tests in psychology. By conducting oftenness tests and positionor comp dyingium, the squad of Suls and Rothman came up with a list of recommendations in the models areas of research, training, policy and funding, and practice.These recommendations are to further manipulation of the links between biological, psychological, social, and rase macro-cultural variables, with the ultimate aim of enha ncing health (2004). Through the tests five issues were also identify to be crucial in the progress of the biopsychosocial model as a legitimate approach to health assessment. The article concluded by highlighting the various advancements in health psychology, particularly with the biopsychosocial model. However, Suls and Rothman stressed that the full potential of the model in terms of the ability to advance the theory and practice remain untapped (2004).Only a strong commitment to the model and it implications would establish long-term success of its involvement in health psychology (Suls Rothman, 2004). Psychological Testing Instruments Used The article of Suls and Rothman did not explicitly discuss the test they apply to assess the biopsychosocial model. In spite of this, it can be deduced from the tables they presented and the discussion of their findings that they relied on statistical tests in psychology in data-gathering.Statistical tests are commonly use to analyze result s of a psychological research (Green DOliveria, 1982). In fact many social sciences, particularly psychology, necessitate the use of statistical demonstration to explain findings (Meehl, 1967). In this particular article where the bulk of the fact-finding are based on compeer research, both statistical tests in psychology were use. Suls and Rothman conducted oftenness tests two times in their research study. frequency tests are the most helpful tool when comparing data against each other (Lane, 2004).Through frequency tests, marked differences in in certified variables are clearly distinguished. To measure the progression of the biopsychosocial model as a accepted concept in health psychology, Suls and Rothman conducted a frequency test on the use of the term biopsychosocial in journals and articles of Medline from 1974 to 2001, totals of which were group into a 3-year period interval (2004). Suls and Rothman likewise applied a frequency test to measure the integration of behav ioral approaches to medical science in the study (2004).They reviewed articles in 4 major(ip) medical journals namely New England Journal of music, Lancet, Journal of the American Medical Association, and the Annals of Internal Medicine between the age of 1974 and 2001 (Suls and Rothman, 2004). Once again, they grouped the results into 3-year period intervals. From the raw frequency scores collected, they were able to contrive grow a frequency polygon. A frequency polygon is the best way to present data garner from frequency tests because it shows the shape of distribution of measured variables (Lane, 2004).Apart from frequency tests, Suls and Rothman also used factor analysis test. Factor analysis is one of the most commonly used statistical tests in various disciplines. It is used to determine patterns of relationships between variables (Gorsuch, 1983). In the area of psychology, factor analysis is commonly applied in word of honor research but it can also be used in other a reas, like personality, behavior, belief, and even theory assessment. In this instance, factor analysis was used to assess the attitude of health psychologists towards the biopsychosocial model.The biopsychosocial model is dependent on the interaction between the biological, psychological, and social factors within an individual (Suls and Rothman, 2004). Suls and Rothman theorized that health psychologists are more presumable to focus heavily on the psychological factor alone in the biopsychosocial model (2004). Therefore they used factor analysis to measure the presence of all the factors in articles written within a 12-month period, November 2001-September 2002 in Health Psychology. This particular application is called confirmatory factor analysis.It is used when the concern is to determine the number of variables that adjust to a pre-determined theory set (Gorsuch, 1983). The value of this test is to assess the sensibleity of preconceived ideas. In the character of Suls and R othmans study, it is the leaning of health psychologists towards psychological factors to assess an individuals health. The article of Suls and Rothman did not make use of any standardized psychological interrogation instruments. The reason may be cod to the fact that it is a study aimed at determining the advancement of a framework of health assessment.However, they still merged valuable statistical test in psychology to explain clearly the findings they have gathered. Effectiveness of the Psychological Testing Instruments Used The main premise of Suls and Rothmans article is that the biopsychosocial model has upholdn remarkably productive in shaping the way health psychologists view an individuals overall functioning (Suls and Rothman, 2004). To prove this point, the team proceeded to measure the familiarity of the concept among health psychologists by reviewing published journals in Medline, and four other famed medical journals.The raw data collected was then subjected to different statistical tests commonly applied in the field of psychology. From there Suls and Rothman were able to formulate recommendations vital to the advancement of the biopsychosocial model as a valid instrument in health assessment. The effectiveness of psychological testing is based mainly on two factors, validity and dependability. Validity measures the soundness of a test against its set objectives. On the other hand reliability measures the accuracy of the test in terms of producing consistent results.To determine whether the result of psychological testing is effective, researchers usually turn to statistical tests. In this case where no standardized psychological testing instruments were used, the effectiveness of the study may be directly correlated with the quality of the results produced by the statistical tests used by Suls and Rothman. Suls and Rothman resorted to frequency test to explain their findings on the use of biopsychosocial as a term in medical journals. The test confirmed their initial assumption that the biopsychosocial model has helped in advancing health psychology in the give way 25 years.The frequency test showed a consistent rise in the use of biopsychosocial as a term in medical journals. However, Suls and Rothman are quick to stress that this may also be due to the increase of the number of articles published that deal with behavior in recent years (2004). They also used frequency test to assess the integration of behavioral approach to medical science (Suls Rothman, 2004). The results attested as well to the increased integration of behavioral approaches to medical science in the last 30 years (Suls Rothman, 2004).Finally a factor analysis test was conducted to determine the reliance of health psychologists on the variables essential to the biopsychosocial model. The factor analysis test clearly showed that health psychologists are still biased in considering psychological issues over biological, and even social. This correctly proved the initial postulation of Suls and Rothman. Considering that the statistical tests in psychology used in the research of Suls and Rothman ably supported their theory, it can be said that they were effective.However, since the study is mostly a review of journals it is not enough to completely determine the actual advancement of the biopsychosocial model as a tool for health assessment. George Schwartz in his book suggested that the biopsychosocial model faces a challenge with the use of empirical testing (1982). Empirical testing is a vital component to any psychological research. Another is that the model system a concept in research. It has yet to transcend from research to practice, then back to research (Keefe, Buffington, Studts Rumble, 2002). This is when the recommendations of Suls and Rothman constitute important.They were able to identify important areas that are tangible and measurable that will help in the handing over of the model from a mere concep tual framework to a fully working tool in health assessment. As a stand-alone article, Suls and Rothman presented a thorough exposition of their chosen subject. However, based on the criteria of the article review, it did not meet the standards required. The fundamental component needed in the review is psychological testing in which the article did not have. On the other hand, the statistical tests were very helpful in misgiving the basis of Suls and Rothmans conclusion.Considering the statistical tests were properly chosen and used, it can be concluded that in the end the article of Suls and Rothman was a success. References Gorsuch, R. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum Green, J. DOliveria, M. (1982). Learning to use statistical tests in psychology 3rd edition. NY Open University. Keefe, F. , Buffington, A. , Studts, J. , Rumble, M. (2002). Behavioral medicine 2002 and beyond. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 852-856. Lane, D. (2004, Augus 10). Fr equency polygons. Connections. Retrieved August 25, 2010,

Police Strategies Essay Example for Free

law Strategies EssayThe topic I chose to research about is which practice of law strategy/tactic is most impelling in reducing abhorrence and disorder. There be various forms of policing such(prenominal) as club-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, spicy musca volitans policing, broken windows supposition, and zero-tolerance policing. get word is a model of policing that stresses a two-way working relationship in the midst of the community and the law along with the patrol becoming more integrated into the local community, and citizens assuming an active component in curse control and prevention. POP is a concept created by Herman Goldstein in which he believes the police should take the categories of crime, order maintenance, and service and break them down into discrete problems and then develop specific answers to to each one one. Hot spots policing originated from research that revealed crime is extremely concentrated in small areas. The broken windo ws theory is about how crime problems develop at place, and how police should focus their role to stop crime problems from arising. consort to Paul M.Walters, there is a strategy for find out to prevent crime and disorder which is referred to as response to incidents (R2I). R2I requires law enforcement officers to react to crimes or emergency incidents. In order to promote citizen confidence in the police, officers should swiftly respond to any such incidents and establish and maintain control over the situation. R2I likewise requires officers to respond proactively to crime patterns. This is accomplished through such tactical manoeuvre as directed patrol, targeted identifications, etc.However, if police administrators do non carefully fill in the R2I strategy, their departments can quickly be overwhelmed by community demands. In order to manage emergenced calls for police service, administrators need to monitor demand and then research as many yeasty ways as possible to resp ond to these calls. There are many ways to respond to calls for service that do non require the immediate dispatching of an officer in a patrol car. Other, less dearly-won responses may satisfy the request just as solventively.Another way to better serve jurisdictions employ the R2I strategy is to invest in current technology in such areas as communications, information, case solicitude and analysis, and transportation which may include automated mug governing bodys, records management and retrieval systems, automated aging systems, and unstable data terminals. Department managers must then use all their resources, two technological and human, in a balanced way that produces not just activity but also results that they can measure against their burster statements.Managing the limited resources of departments to respond usefully to both incidents and calls for service, while producing the greatest advantage for their communities, requires managers to make informed, profess ional decisions. blame patrol and Neighborhood Watch programs are two other popular strategies for the effectiveness of COP. A numerate of evaluations in the 1980s reported that while additional foot patrol did not reduce crime, it did increase feelings of safety. If people are less fearful they might not withdraw from the communities, and the process of neighborhood declination might not begin.Neighborhood Watch programs have repeatedly been represent to have little repair on crime. Residents who live in areas with more crime, and who live in inner-city minority neighborhoods, have been less unbidden to participate in Neighborhood Watch programs or any other activities that involve partnership with the police. The effect of whether COP works is hard to say and raise is very mixed. Its hard to evaluate since its done differently from police department to police department. While a number of questions remain, the future of COP appears bright.According to Paul M.Walters, the he art of the POP border on is the concept that police must be more responsive to the causes of crime, rather than merely dealing with the results of crime. Maintaining neighborhood safety can be more skilful to the community than merely treating isolated neighborhood problems. This approach represents a strong shift in how both the public and the police view the role of law enforcement in the community. Problem-oriented policing is a proactive, decentralized approach to providing police services designed to reduce crime and disorder, and by extension, the fear of crime.Department heads achieve this by duty assignment officers to specific neighborhoods on a long-term basis. Long-term involvement between the officers and neighborhood residents fosters the development of presumptive relationships based on mutual trust and cooperation. It also allows a high-level exchange of information between citizens and police officers, as well as mutual input concerning policing priorities and tactic for specific areas of the community.Problem-oriented policing also istributes police services more effectively across the community and targets high-crime areas for problem-solving approaches that allow law enforcement to define and deal with the causes of crime. This helps to macerate the undue influence of special interest aggroups that can be the recipients of preferred services when no system of community-based priorities exists. Systematic reviews and meta analysis are a method for determining whether POP reduces crime and disorder. A memorize was conducted by Weisburg, Telep, Hinkle, and Eck.Whether they used a more conservative mean effect size approach or examined the largest effects on crime and disorder reported, they found that POP approaches have a statistically significant effect on the outcomes examined. Importantly, the results are similar whether we look at experimental or nonexperimental studies. The small group of studies in the review allows us to come t o a solid conclusion regarding the promise of POP, but it does not allow statistical conclusions regarding the types of approaches that work best for specific types of problems.They think it a major public indemnity failure that the government and the police have not invested greater effort and resources in identifying the POP approaches and tactics that work best to combat specific types of crime. Moreover, a much larger number of studies are essential to draw strong generalizations regarding the possible effectiveness of POP across different types of jurisdictions and different types of police agencies.The portfolio of addressable studies does not allow us to draw conclusions about such contextual factors and suggests that U.S. policing has adopted POP widely without an evidence base for deciding where and when it should be used. The central conclusion of our review is that POP as an approach has significant promise to ameliorate crime and disorder problems broadly defined. Ho t spots policing is easier to implement than COP and POP. Research early on showed it had promise in reducing crime. Its easy to implement as officers are still doing patrol and making arrests. Computerized crime mapping is used in nearly all police department that does hot spots policing.Some programs can do statistical analyses to identify hot spots and find trends in crime across time and space. The programs also can have maps updated with the latest data each day. Studies have found that hot spots policing is at least moderately effective in reducing crime. Its so hard to know what exactly works because many studies also involve elements of POP and other tactics. The broken windows theory is widely viewed as effective in policing circles afterwards it was used in New York City in the 1990s and the city had a large crime drop.There are several suggestions for how police could best prevent crime with the broken windows theory. Police should retort to the order maintenance role . Police should not ignore disorder. Police should negotiate consensus with residents and users of public spaces about what is or is not acceptable in that area. The key is to deal with disorder quickly and not let it untended, and plunder it up in areas that have declined. This is hypothesized to prevent fear of crime and maintain social controls in areas such as residents arent afraid to intervene and/or move away from the area.Some studies have found increased complaints against the police with the broken windows theory. In conclusion, the research I obtained about the various police strategies and tactics leads to an important statement. Unfortunately, there is no clear answer. There is fairly mixed and weak research evidence about the impacts of these tactics on crime. COP seems effective in fighting fear of crime and change police-community relations but not in fighting crime. A report by the National honorary society reinforces that the most effective strategies and tactics are those that target small locations, take a focused approach, and are highly proactive.

Business Environment Essay Example for Free

Business milieu Es affirmRecruitment and safe throwingThe penury of recruit- There is been a reinvigorated position arisen for Customer run Executive in Buffs Supplies LTD. As now they vex a website developed, there is a need of soul who stool run the website potently, and catch up with a actually in effect(p) subprogram of the website to uphold the argumentation concern to chap a fair and improved operate for their customers. muse description- is there to provide a clear collar of the meditate details for the large number who be scarceton to apply. It stunnedlines the things that he/she bewitch emerge do during his/her employment and it outlines the things that employer wants from the employee. So that Job description should ac enjoyledge the side by side(p)* The job title/type* Position of the employee, who they pass on physical composition to* The location* A summary of the jobs quarrys,* Main purpose/duties/responsibilities* Pay levels, a nd almost(prenominal) potential increase, clears, uniform/ queue up code* Hours/ holidays* How to apply and deadline for applicationIve designed a job description document (please see throw awayn up document) for Buffs Supplies LTD to assist my superviser.Person specification- gives a better understanding of what winning of soulfulness that real comp some(prenominal) wants for the job, and to line the fellowship, skills and ability to require to do the job as intimately as to fit within the company. It should include the following* Educational/ qualification- it is essential for professional jobs interchangeable lawyers, accountants as it is directly connected to their achievement as well as they should distinguish what they should/ should be doing. If you dont know the law you washstand non control as a lawyer, sincere* Experience and training- you whitethorn need to be experient to be able to do a beneficial job for your role and its likely for employers to sp ecify length of time of experience on their job description. A unassailable thing of being undergo is you may non need a qualification to do certain jobs if you argon see.* own(prenominal) eng termment/ attri merelyes- its helpful for both parties to understand each separate as it shows the requirement of massess char subroutineer for the job role. Persons interest may relate to the job role, for example if you are not comfortable with courting to stranger, you may not be suitable for jobs like sales person who deals with customers wait to face as part of their job role, if you enjoy talking to tidy sum you efficacy enjoy the turn tail and cued to be at flirt, subject matter that success volition be a closer for you.Ive designed a personal specification with my job description for customer service executive.(Please see attached sheet) diametric methods of advertising a jobThere are number of method that you git use to push your job va give noticecy arises. It help s the company to reach objective lensed group of view and it baron withal depend on the people who exit be your movedidate to choose where you would like advertise the job vacancy. First of al genius you leave need to switch a trustworthy job description to help the candidate what youre flavour for for. Im going to write close divers(prenominal) methods.1. Internal Advertising- you can employ people within the judicature instead of causeting some one from outside. It efficacy be cost efficient as you cleverness not return to pay for recruitment agency to advertise your job, when you can typeset it on your companys website, employees board, get off internal emails to everyone and even put it on companys facebook page. It is recyclable because if someone wants to climb to the ladder, they can do so by applying for the job vacancy.2. Online- you can advertise it by online through job websites such as Monster, Job Centre website etc. Advantage of online advertisin g is you talent be able to reach a fold of people and they can search by location, intentness or job titles they wish to apply.3. Recruitment Agency- you can also advertise it through these agencies with a small charge. They volition advertise the job, maybe create the job description according to the company ask and asses the applicants to ensure they meet the minimum requirements. It might be useful for them if the company needs a module urgently they can quickly find someone to crown as they keep up a lots of member who are seeking for jobs. they also4. Newspapers- this is a offline prime(prenominal) you can advertise it on a local newspapers to let the local know about the job vacancy.Importance of ply retentionI approximate recruiting a new staff is an expensive, because you will have to advertise the job, do the search on the applications, interview them individually and also once you got the in good order candidate you will have to train them from the start pointi ng every single chevvy points etc.Instead of going through all these you can try to retain the staffs you already has so that person is already know the companys style and people so it will be easier for him to encounter/deal with things. It is good for the company word-painting and reputation to promote people within the boldness. If someone got selectd and leaves after a month It will cause a problem, because they will have to do the recruitment process all over again and spend property to recruit the person will be a waste. Existing staff might be over stimulateed so it will lead to unhappy employees and they will not perform their best as theyre tired of long hours and covering for someone else.However, backinges can avoid this situation by retaining staff as if the person stayed within the scheme and got promoted it is likely for the person to stay longer and tempt more(prenominal) harder as he will feel he is achieved something after functional for the company.Ways of improving staff retention rateBusinesses calculate to see how long their staffs are tending to stay with the company using the following formula.Number of staff leaving a year 100Average number of staff employ that yearThis formula helps them to identify any problem so that benevolent Recourse can conduct on it to research what is going on by preparing surveys for staffs to complete or organise an open merging with their staffs to know exactly what is going on, what is that they are happy and not happy with, so that they can act on it straight away.Reason to have high rate this is when employees are not happy with the determine they do, or the environment they work with, or even the management they are working for. It could be anything to be not happy as humankind deliveration is increasing with the technology. However, employers should provide the compensate installment with the right motivation to keep the employers happy and juice them effectively.Ways to avoid these situations to improve the rate you can do all sorts of things like showing them that they (employer) really care about them by listening to what they have to say, check them with their life, or organise some outside work events like weekend bowling rival to help them work closely with each other. Make the work place more challenging by doing competition with a monetary value, a little beautifyment wont bring down the company, in that way work place might be more interesting and staff will perform better. Motivation is a key thing to get a better out of the staff and keep them within the seam as well.b) Describe main(prenominal) employability, interpersonal and personal skills required by the new customer service executive.Organisations often look for people who are skilled or experienced so that it will be easier for both parties, from the employers view it helps them to replace the worker quickly and it may yet some money as there might not need of training for example if he is trained as scratch aider, and the job requires to have a qualification the company does not have to train the staff who already has the qualification for it, from the employees part of view it might be easier for him to do the job and as he is experienced he will have an idea of what he is expected to do, and will be compensable as a full employee, I mean some nerves pay lower wage for those who are not experienced enough.Employability skills this is the basic skills that are needed to get, keep, and do the job. It is necessary for the candidate to have or knowledge these skills as it can be transferable during the employment as they go up the ladder in a modernised environment. It includes the following1. Qualification/ Previous experience in similar role and industryYou may not need any qualification for some profession, but you will need your GCSE or NVQ qualification for some job roles for example if you are seeking to work as waitress as such, you may even not need any q ualification as long as you are experienced enough or maybe your employer will provide a full training to do the job. However, for professions like accountant and lawyer or higher(prenominal) positioned job role which requires specialised skills/ qualification, you will unquestionably need not only GCSE but at least a Bachelors Degree to be considered in your application. According to my drive book Im on the right track to develop and educate myself further.Having an experience in similar role is ceaselessly a bonus for employers and it is more likely for employers to consider those who are experienced and it is important that you mention it on your CV or letter indicating that you have worked in this role in advance. However, precedent experience in similar industry is very beneficial for the employer, because they can get randomness about their competitors as well as an idea of how they worked to be more effective so that they can walk of life in a same level of their crowd . For example when I applied for a job in Harry Ramsden, Ive put on m CV that I used to work in McDonalds, so I knew that I would definitely be invited for an interview so I did, on my interview they asked me that how McDonalds motivate their workers to stay with the pedigree longer as I worked there for quite long time, I tell to the lady that if you hire me Ill tell you how they did it, and she smiled at me and wel rally aboard It shows that it is useful for the candidates as well as the business.2. Knowledge of product/servicesThis is one of the must have knowledge. For example you will plainly need to know about your product if you are a sales person, you should have a good knowledge of what you are going to sell. If you dont know of your product, you cant possibly persuade to sell it to different person.3. strength in meeting personal and team targetsAs every business work towards achieving their aims and objectives, you must be able to meet targets to do so in the first pl ace. You should clearly indicate if you have met any foregoing targets during your previous employment and any achievement, improvement you have set as a target for yourself past years, showing that to an employer will help you to get the job and it shows/proves that you are able to meet targets because of your previous achievement.4. Ability to observe and raise professional standardsThere is a quote I know from my state of matter it says if you work your hands hard, your mouth will also work hard, which bureau if you work hard, you will be able to feed yourself, same as that if you work hard and have a great spatial relation towards you work then you might get a reward/promotion. In business you are a professional, so you have to be professional to people taken be considered seriously and every organisation have a set of standard which you should meet.Personal skills Everyone have their own character and attitude from their childhood. It might be difficult for some to change t hat in a day because of the job you are doing, but for some it doesnt matter as you can learn them from others or on your own. Basically if you have the right attitude that the employer wants, it will attract the employer towards you as you are the right candidate for the job. For example if you are a kind, understanding, a good listener and most importantly uncomplaining and calm, then you are suitable for jobs like carer or consultant as the job itself requires you to be calm and a good listener as you will be hearing all kind of things and dealing with the public.A personal skill requires you to have the following1. Patient and hard workingPatient is a very difficult thing that human being can face in difficult situations. I would consider a person who is very patient is a very calm and collective person.For some jobs you will have to be patient and calm at all times, if you can do that employers are very like to keep them as it is difficult to find these kind of people in our society and I believe devising your business successful is hard work and them patient. I mean you work very hard to build your business, and it might not be success as you want it to be, so you will have to be patient to drink the juice of your fruit you forget.2. Team workAbility to working as a team or a part of a team is essential for you and for your employer. If you are a peoples person/ slow to get along with people you might/can be a good team actor as it is all about communicating and understanding each and everyone one of the team players. Employers will always look for a people who can work with the team as if you have a say of different people you can get the work done quickly and more effectively, because the things you dont know, the other people might know so it is better for more brain than only one.Interpersonal skills this is the skill that how you approach or deal with people and also how well you enunciate with others.Customer Service ExecutiveEmployee Skills Personal SkillsInterpersonal Skills* Good written and spoken skills* Good IT knowledge* Previous experience in customer focused environment** A good team player* Problem solving* Hard working* Friendly* Professional** An excellent communicator* Good with people*c) Assess the importance of employability, interpersonal and personal skills in the recruitment and retention of staff in a selected organisation.Ive elect The Manchester College to assess in this task I think The Manchester College is the largest college in Manchester and in the UK.It is important for the college to consider employability and personal skills when recruiting staff as it is an educational institution, I believe the teachers should be educated as a teacher and also the subject of their own to give their school-age childs the best knowledge possible. If the college needs to hire a new staff they should consider to hire experienced staff to save that money to put towards the existing staff training, bonus for th ose who worked overtime during the recruitment process, so that people get rewarded after the hard work theyve done for their organisation, in doing that college manages to keep their staff happy, that means it is likely for them to stay within the organisation longer.To work more efficient college can carry out a skill auditing to identify the skill gap within the organisation and decide whether to hire new staff or train their existing staff. Communication is the key skill that college needs to have to be able to understand their student and their needs, so it is essential for their staff to have strong communication skills in written and verbally as it is a large organisation people will need to communicate in writing. Employees of the college should be presented and act in a professional manner, so that student and teachers will be look separately.Employability skills will be required for teachers as they have to be qualified in certain areas, whereas administrator of the colleg e will not need to have a qualification if she/he is experienced enough. delegate 2a) Select an organisation and describe the main physical and technological resources that are involved in the running of your selected business.Physical resources this is the things that business can use to run their day to day activities includes machinery, buildings and facilities.For my chosen organisation The Manchester College, it is very important for them to use all the resources to run effectively. They are number of main physical resources which needs them to run the business.1. Building and FacilityBuilding of your business may play an important role as you might not think, it is very important for businesses to have to well presentable building as it is effective in many different way. For example in my country there is a bank called silver and the building is round and gold coloured. Anyone who saw that building will know it is a bank and will go straight to it as it is located near the airport, foreigners will have to get their money changed before they take a taxi etc. I think the prettiest campus of The Manchester College is Openshaw and it has a lots of facilities that is available for students and staffs to use such as IT suites for multimedia students, an award winning training restaurant, workshop for construction, engineering and electrical students, pig and beauty salons etc. I think the facilities that are available for student and staffs are amazing and it will be very useful for students to use these to improve their knowledge on things that they are studying.2. Materials and wasteThe need of materials will depend on the business type as they all use different things. For my chosen organisation they are likely to use papers, computers, printers, pen, pencil, projectors and all sorts of office equipment as they are small teachers offices. Businesses should keep a close eye on what they waste, if you do that it will help them to cut costs and work more environmentally friendly.3. Plant, machinery and equipmentBusinesses spend thousands of pounds on equipment and machineries to work more quickly and efficient. It is essential for them to have them and an up to date one as it helps the business run smoothly. For example teachers at The Manchester College use projectors to make it more easier for students to read or see what the teacher is teaching, and we have a library with computers which students and staffs can use to do their work.4. Security, insurance and emergency provisionI believe The Manchester College follows the Health and Safety act as Ive seen the fire exits and there were . Also they must have the policies and provisions if there is an event of fire, there must be a staff who are trained to lead the way or make way for people in that event to keep them calm and put them in the right direction, and the people who have come to study/work to the college should have had a training or at least shown the fire exits or false alarm to see if the fire alarm works and to people know what to do in that event. All the building must have insurance against things like this to ensure the building and the employee/customers are protected, so that in any case of accident the insurance company will pay for the person who is hurt or pay money to the persons family in the event of death.Technological resources- are not only computers and printers which can be treated as physical resources. There are four main areas1. Intellectual attributeThis is the right to own ideas and have a right to concerning what happens to them, if the one of the staff has new idea that no one has the business can protect it from others to use it so that business will only benefit from this idea to make more profit or attract more people. For my college if one of the teacher/ consultant got a new idea of having a nursery on site which can be paid by day and any student/employee can give their child it would be a good and new idea as it e nables students with children to study/work and easy to bring her child to the place they study/work, and the business protected it, only The Manchester College can use this idea to bring in more students.2. accumulated experience and skillsThis is an experience gained over a number of years when a person has come crosswise lots of different issues to do with the job. There is a good side and not so good side by retentiveness employers for a very long time. Of course, it will be worth if the employee is the hopeful one, if so the level of experience will grow. Not so good side is if it the experienced staff is not handled carefully, it may result that you will have to pay more for them or give them a special condition whereas you can hire a new staff with the same or higher skills and pay low wages. For my college I think the employees are likely to stay longer and I think teachers are feel privileged when the student comes back to her/him to show what they have got out of their education that is gained from the teacher and college.3. Software licences, patents and copyrightI believe The Manchester College bought a license from Microsoft to use their Microsoft Office Pack as it will cost them cheaper than buying it individually and install them on computers which they have a hundreds and thousands of them. So it is change them to use it unlimited with a one off payment. Often it is allowed for businesses to do so, not for single person/public. Patents and copyright has always been tricky to protect or should I say difficult to prove the person who stole it, because people may copy the whole idea and change the name of it to pt it on the market, so apparently it is different as it has a different name and maybe slightly different, but if people see it they wont even recognise or know the difference. I remember one girl was selling a hoody with the logo of the college without permission from the college back home, so the college found out and they fined her parents as she was not an adult herself.b) Explain how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the feat of your selected organisation.Human ResourcesEvery activity is carried put by human at The Manchester College and other businesses, so it is essential for businesses to have the right source of people to work towards their main aims and objectives. They must improve/ update their Human Resources to work effectively. I believe that my college try to manage its human resource at the level of standard as the best to provide the better future and education for us the students, considering the highly professional staff they have in my college, they hire the best possible staffs with ability and interest to care for students, so that staff will have better understanding of what students needs, also they train their staff accordingly with the new technologys or hire new staffs who have new skill which can be introduced to the other staff. To do those th ings there is section especially designed to do that job.Their main job role is to manage and control the employees in the college, meaning hiring a new staff, train the existing ones to improve their employers ability to have the best source of employees. To manage its staff successfully the college tries to keep the existing staff as it is beneficial for the college as longer the staff stays, college wont have to advertise jobs and train them which costs money for them to do that, instead of spending money on new person who is starting as an entry level, the company invest in their people who have stayed with them on the long run so that the employee will feel that they belong there and work more harder.Team work is always important for organisations like Manchester College as it is very large organisation and everyone have to work as a whole to get the work done, to improve team performance organisation do things like group activity, staff meeting and staff day out to make them closer so that they work with each other more comfortably, if they work closely the organisation will benefit from the use of full staff performance and things will go quicker and smoother, so that they can move forward to their next objective.Physical ResourceIf the college have a good rapidness for students, it can attract more students and people would be looking to work for them as basic standard of facility needs to meet and higher would be an advantage. It also important for them to use these facilities with its full use and keeping them up to date as the things are developing very fast and things are getting out of fashion quickly. For example if the student had learned Microsoft Office 2003 in their IT class by the time they end their studies and find work would be 2007 and he might struggle if the new employer has the newer version and he doesnt know how to use it properly even though it is similar to the older version, he will not get the all the benefit that the softwar e is whirling.Technological ResourceAs the college uses a lot of paperwork and papers, it is crucial to save them as they need to be used for hard evidence, however I would like to suggest that teachers can send their assignment brief to student e-mails which college have provided for them it saves the trees and we are going to be use the e-mail which is one of the facility college improved last year and I think we are not making a full use of it and it feels it might be waste of money to have e-mail get over and not using it, to motivate students to use their e-mail college can put their names instead of student number which will look more real and nice, and not allow to have an access to any other mail service in the library so that student have no prime(prenominal) but to use it properly. If we can do that we will reduce the use of papers and use the facility which we dont use.Task 3a) Describe the sources of internal and external finance, available to Barneys business.There a re two main ways that business can access financial resources1. Internal sources ( within the business)This is the money you can get within the businessOwners savings- I believe Barney has some money for himself if he is thinking to start a new business, because its the owners who are often invest in their company to cover the setting up costs. It might be the only source they available immediately for them as for sole traders like Barney, banks or other financial institution unlikely to offer a loan as there is too ofttimes risk involved, and if you have that kind of money it is really good for the business as you will not have to pay it back by monthly or pay an interest.Capital from profit- this will set out available after the business set up and operating. Once they have run for certain time, they may make some profit to invest into the business to run or buy more computer storage or buy new machinery to grow the business2. External sources (outside the business)There are nu mber of different external sources that business can get money from to help them to set up or invest in.Banks- they can offer loans, overdrafts and business account to businesses but you will have to have a good business intend to get it. Loans are not easy to get and might not be a good option for small business as you must pay it back with interest in certain amount of time and if the company goes down the owner will end up with huge debt. The choice I would suggest is the overdraft for him as it is flexible and you wont have to pay a penny unless it is used, there are some banks who offer interest free overdraft, if you can get it will be a winFriends/Family- you can always seek for help from your friends and families and you can even offer them a share for return of their investment or just borrow some money from them to put towards the business if they are nice enough. I would say it is the best option of borrowing money as you dont pay interest and it is your family they will not give you to court unless you run with their money.Government grants- these are available from the EU, national/local giving medication. A grant is money you can receive as a business man a good thing about it is that you dont have to pay it back. If Barney falls under the age group of 18-30 he can get a low interest loan from Princes Trust.Task 4(a) The purpose of budgets, and how they can be used to monitor and control the performance of Barneys business, including, the monitoring of actual performance against budget and the use of variance analysis.Budget is a written plan with spending which will blow over and a revenue that is need in the future to cover these costs. The purpose of it is it gives you clear understanding of what to expect to spend/receive in the future (coming year) to prevent or act any crisis before it happens. It also can be used as a communication between the employees to understand the objectives of the business and work towards it. For owners they ca n see how well their managers managing the budget plan and performance of them.Budgetary control1. Set objective for BarneyObjective for Barney could look like this* Do a business related course* Get information on government grants* Find any other fund that is available to him2. Set a plan to how to achieve these objectivesHe can start of with* Do a year course in business related or hair styling course to have a better understanding of how business operate* Design business plan to show it to the banks and to apply for government grants* Get advise from people who are in the same business as his to find out what needs to be done cracking* Do an online research on advise and support from government websites to collect necessary documents to apply for government grant* Hire someone to do research on the market things like where to open the salon, and what kind of people lives in the area, and what is the average income for people in that area to help to set a price etc.3. Prepare th e planYou should produce a budget plan to attach it with your business plan to show how much(prenominal) is going to cost what and how you can manage to pay for it etc and you should compare it with the actual record to analyse the situation of what has gone wrong or right and then you can take some action to prevent it in the future and more experienced on the next budgeting.Task 5a) Study the contents of the profit and loss account and balance sheet for Wansbeck Motors Ltd and give an account of the rectitude of the business by explaining the purpose of each element.Purpose of balance sheet- is important as it shows the value of the business.* Assets things that business own* Liabilities ( debts a business owns)* Equity (the amount invested in the business)Purpose of profit and loss account- it shows how much money business making and how much money they are losing and you can identify it by looking at the profit and loss account to do something about it.