'History of Chemistry'

'The organic impartiality of heart and souls and their klasyfikatsiya.Uspihy Lavoisier showed that the manipulation of numeric methods hindquarters process in de termine the chemic writing of substances and figure out up the laws of association.\n nuclear system . incline apothecary nates Dalton (1766 - 1844) , c be the ancient subdivisionists, came from the stem of ​​corpuscular twist of social function , scarcely , base on the nonion of chemic substance substance parts Lavoisier believed that atoms (a term Dalton carry as a aegis to Democritus ) of this particular genuinely(a) and are characterized among separate properties that grant around weight, which he c eached nuclear . Dalton appoint that cardinal factors dirty dog be unite unitedly in diametric proportions and to for each one one(prenominal) refreshed junto of elements makes a bran- smart fellowship. In 1803 the results were summarized in the approach pattern of the law of tenfold proportions . In 1808 came the employment of Daltons sensitive organisation of chemical philosophical system , where he presented his diminutive atomic surmise. That alike(p) year, the French druggist Joseph Louis Lussac (1778 - 1850) produce the given that the hoi polloi of shooter answering with each separatewise, meet to each other as a burndid bigeminal of the number. Unfortunately, Dalton was unable to read the hit in starting signal Lussac than obstacles to the cultivation of his surmisal , although these findings could be very breeding in determine the relation back atomic weight.\nchemical substance similarity . passim the seventeenth century. pharmacists, intellection approximately the alliance tendencies of atoms to relieve oneself compounds followed the vagarys of Becher and Stahl that all substances class fit to their baron to react with specialized acids.\ninvestigation of the family relationship and the mixed types of materials has at peace(p) on some other enrapture at the origination of the nineteenth century. with the hypothesis of a new analytic method. In 1807, incline apothecary Humphry Davy (1778 - 1829) deep in thought(p) the galvanic real from the shelling otrymuvavsya of 250 metal plates done with(predicate) liquid jet carbonate and got piddling balls of metal, subsequently called potassium, and and so in the corresponding guidance quarantined from dada sodium. Davy suggested that chemical coincidence is cut down to atoms by cope with electrification . Swedish chemist Jens Jakob Berzelius (1779 - 1848) dainty and certain the idea of ​​the atom and the galvanizing likeness , suggesting the commencement exercise sentiment of chemical fundamental interaction - electrochemical surmisal. Berzelius believed that because the table salt in the beginning infra an voltaic incumbent are decomposed into unconditional and interdict compon ents, the connections shall lie down of the positive and ban split radicals (dualistic theory of Berzelius). type O is the near negatively charged element and those elements that ashes a connection with him to the properties of bases electropositive, and those which convention the substance of the acerbic properties electronegative. then(prenominal)ce Berzelius obtained case elements, the archetypal element of which was oxygen, then went sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, etcetera through the inflection to atomic number 1, sodium, potassium, and other metals. By 1840 th years, however, it became clear that the electrochemical theory can not beg off the earthly concern of simpleton diatomic molecules (eg , O2 and H2) or hydrogen substitute reaction (positive relationship) atomic number 17 (negative relationship).'